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Ions gradually lose their energy as they travel through the solid, both from occasional collisions with target atoms ( which cause abrupt energy transfers ) and from a mild drag from overlap of electron orbitals, which is a continuous process.
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Ions and their
Ions diffuse down their electrochemical gradients through ion channels, but the membrane potential is upheld by continual K < sup >+</ sup > influx and Na < sup >+</ sup > efflux via ion transporters.
Ions strike the more numerous neutral gas atoms, transferring a portion of their energy to them.
Ions are separated in a quadrupole based on the stability of their trajectories in the oscillating electric fields that are applied to the rods.
Ions can be separated from the same interaction region to individual storage regions and brought back together without losing the quantum information stored in their internal states.
Ions will tend towards their equilibrium potential, which is the state where the diffusion force cancels out the force of electrostatic repulsion.
Ions and energy
Ions or free radicals transported to the object surface by diffusion may release this extra ( non-thermal ) energy if the surface catalyzes the slower recombination process.
Ions can be created in an inductively coupled plasma, which is a plasma source in which the energy is supplied by electrical currents which are produced by electromagnetic induction, that is, by time-varying magnetic fields.
Ions and travel
Ions travel down the quadrupole between the rods.
Ions and from
In 2002, the simultaneous emission of two protons was observed from the nucleus iron-45 in experiments at GSI and GANIL ( Grand Accélérateur National d ' Ions Lourds, near Caen ).
Ions from Plato and his friends traversed an arc 48 inches ( 1. 22 m ) in radius to reach collector slits placed 0. 6 inch ( 15 mm ) apart.
Ions can be either generated inside the cell ( by Electron impact ionization ) or can be injected to the cell from an external ionization source ( such as Electrospray or MALDI ).
* W. Paul Electromagnetic Traps for Charged and Neutral Particles Taken from Proceedings of the International School of Physics << Enrico Fermi >> Course CXVIII “ Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions ”, ( North Holland, New York, 1992 ) p. 497-517
Ions are generated from one of two sources: the 9-MV electrostatic tandem Van de Graff accelerator or the Positive Ion Injector, a 12-MV low-velocity linac and electron cyclotron resonance ( ECR ) ion source.
* Evaluation of Isolated Fungal Strain from e-waste Recycling Facility for Effective Sorption of Toxic Heavy Metal Pb ( II ) Ions and Fungal Protein Molecular Characterization-a Mycoremediation Approach ( Rajeshkumar, 2011 )
Ions and with
Ions with low charges, such as Na < sup >+</ sup > are very weak acids with almost imperceptible hydrolysis.
Ions can be confined with IEC in order to achieve controlled nuclear fusion.
Topics are elementary and astroparticle physics, hadrons and nuclear physics, PNI-research ( research with Photons, Neutrons and Ions ), aeronautics, space and transport research.
have created a Universal Digital Quantum Simulation with Trapped Ions.
Ions and atoms
Ions can be single atoms, as the sodium and chlorine in common table salt sodium chloride, or more complex groups such as the carbonate in calcium carbonate.
Ions of a particular charge / mass ratio would leave a characteristic parabolic trace on a photographic plate, demonstrating for the first time that atoms of a single element could have different masses.
Ions and cause
Ions may count to such second messengers, and then causes direct activation, rather than indirect, as in the case were the electric potential of ions cause activation / inactivation of voltage-gated ion channels.
Ions and electron
Ions in crystal lattices of purely ionic compounds are spherical ; however, if the positive ion is small and / or highly charged, it will distort the electron cloud of the negative ion, an effect summarised in Fajans ' rules.
Ions and is
If N is the number of Ions in the lattice, then we have the relation: aN = L. Replacing in the boundary condition and applying Bloch's theorem will result in a quantization for k:
Ions such as sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium are easily filtered, as is glucose, because filtration is based on size.
Ions and process
* Initialization Ions can be prepared in a specific qubit state using a process called optical pumping.
Ions and .
Ions in the gaseous phase are often known as plasma.
Ions of carbon are carbocations and carbanions and are also short-lived.
In the years to come, GSI will evolve to an international structure named FAIR for Facility for Antiprotons and Ions Research.
* Ions, Veronica.
Ions channels switch between conformations at unpredictable times: The membrane potential determines the rate of transitions and the probability per unit time of each type of transition.
Ions outside the endodermis must be actively transported across an endodermal cell membrane to enter or exit the endodermis.
Ions in ionic compounds are held together by the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged bodies.
Ions need only to cross the axon membrane to propagate the action potential at the nodes, but not anywhere under the myelin along the axon.
Ions can be created in an electric glow discharge.
Ions are formed when the solvent evaporates and the statistically unbalanced charge distribution on the droplets leads to a net charge and complete desolvation results in the formation of ions.
Ions, ( often hydrogen ions, H +), were implanted into the VCSEL structure everywhere except the aperture of the VCSEL, destroying the lattice structure around the aperture, thus inhibiting the current.
Other payloads: Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment ( SAREX ); KidSat, a project that gives middle school students opportunity to participate in space exploration ; and Trapped Ions in Space ( TRIS ), a Naval Research Laboratory experiment flown in Get Away Special canister in cargo bay.
Ions cross the cell membrane under two influences: diffusion and electric fields.
gradually and lose
For as his companions gradually dissolve back into a state of primitive confrontation with elemental necessity, as they lose all the appanage of their acquired culture, he is overcome by the feeling that he is at last being confronted with the essence of mankind.
She continues to care for them until they are several weeks old, when she will gradually lose interest and eventually start to lay again.
Political instability continued to grow, and Bulgaria gradually began to lose territory.
Human ( and other ) somatic cells without telomerase gradually lose telomeric sequences as a result of incomplete replication ( Counter et al., 1992 ).
Fatal familial insomnia is a hereditary prion disease in which degeneration of the thalamus occurs, causing the patient to gradually lose his ability to sleep and progressing to a state of total insomnia, which invariably leads to death.
Many phosphors tend to lose efficiency gradually by several mechanisms.
In The Water Babies, Kingsley tells of a group of humans called the Doasyoulikes who are allowed to do " whatever they like " so gradually lose the power of speech, degenerate into gorillas, and are shot by the African explorer Paul du Chaillu.
A disastrous fire in 1908 combined with the decline of the riverboat traffic, caused the city to gradually lose prominence and population.
Tape is a linear method of storing information and since nearly all video recordings made nowadays are digital direct to disk recording ( DDR ), videotape is expected to gradually lose importance as non-linear / random-access methods of storing digital video data become more common.
Furthermore, while the front ranks were gradually advancing, the bulk of the Roman troops began to lose their cohesion, as they began crowding themselves into the growing gap.
When these areas of large Tupi influence started to be integrated in the market economy, the Brazilian society, gradually, started to lose its Tupi characteristics.
Both the worshiped and worshiper gradually lose their illusory sense of separation and only One beyond all names remains.
It describes one very specific situation in which certain NiCd batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recharged after being only partially discharged.
Arp believes that quasars originate as very high redshift objects ejected from the nuclei of active galaxies and gradually lose their non-cosmological redshift component as they evolve into galaxies.
After this event, the Wangs gradually and inexorably began to lose their power.
However, after 6 months to a year, spices and herbs will gradually lose their flavour as oils they contain will slowly evaporate during storage.
If this is not done, the pixels will gradually lose their coherent state, and the image will " fade " from the screen.
After Wang Mang's resignation, the Wangs gradually and inexorably began to lose their power.
Soon she begins to lose her disposition and gradually comes to enjoy the company of Martha, Ben Weatherstaff the gardener, and also that of a friendly robin redbreast to whom she attaches human qualities.
In the event, the proletariat through the dictatorship of the proletariat would establish a communal State ( per the 1871 Paris Commune model ), then gradually suppress the dissenting bourgeoisie, in achieving the withering away of the State as its institutions begin to “ lose their political character ”.
Several trends would also begin in 2004 which signaled the Liberal party's decline ; notably a high turnover of permanent party leaders ( in contrast to their predecessors who usually served over two or more elections ), and its inability to raise campaign funds competitively once Chrétien banned corporate donations, and it would gradually lose support to the Conservatives, and later to the NDP.
They gradually lose their efficacy and resilience as they become infused with particles picked up from erasing and from their environment.
Because the orbit of SPOT 1 was lowered in 2003, it will gradually lose altitude and break up naturally in the atmosphere.
Similarly, with use the ion-sensitive channels in the vinyl appear to gradually become blocked or otherwise inactivated, causing the electrode to lose sensitivity.
2.330 seconds.