The CIA's Special Activities Division created successful guerrilla forces from the Hmong tribe during the war in Vietnam in the 1960s, from the Northern Alliance against the Taliban during the war in Afghanistan in 2001, and from the Kurdish Peshmerga against Ansar al-Islam and the forces of Saddam Hussein during the war in Iraq in 2003.

The aims of these attacks were not completely clear, but it was argued in 2006 / 7 that these attacks were aimed at fomenting civil conflict within Iraq to destroy the legitimacy of the newly created collaborationist Iraqi government ( which many of its nationalist critics saw as illegitimate and a product of the U. S. government ) and create an unsustainable position for the U. S. forces within Iraq.

The 275-member National Assembly was a parliament created under the Transitional Law during the Occupation of Iraq.

The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of the US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia Islamist groups in Iraq ( SCIRI ) and Lebanon ( Hezbollah ), ( two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations ).

The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, Iraq in about 2000 B. C.

For example, the flags of Venezuela, of Colombia, and of Ecuador all use variants of the flag of Great Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the Venezuelan independence hero Francisco de Miranda ; and the flags of Egypt, of Iraq, of Syria, and of Yemen are all highly similar variants of the flag of the Arab revolt of 1916 – 1918.

The central claim of Kahanism is that the vast majority of the Arabs of Israel are now, and will continue to be, enemies of Jews and Israel itself, and that a Jewish theocratic state, governed by Halakha, absent of a voting non-Jewish population and including Israel, the West Bank, Gaza Strip, areas of modern-day Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and even Iraq should be created.

It also was granted League of Nations mandates over Palestine, which was turned into a homeland for Jewish settlers, and Iraq, created from the three Ottoman provinces in Mesopotamia.

In February 1989, North Yemen joined Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt informing the Arab Cooperation Council ( ACC ), an organization created partly in response to the founding of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and intended to foster closer economic cooperation and integration among its members.

After the Arab rejection of the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine ( UN General Assembly Resolution 181 ) that would have created an Arab state and a Jewish state side by side, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria attacked the state of Israel.

US diplomatic pressure to bring Iraq to compliance quickly created a diplomatic crisis in the UN, where some were in agreement with the US position, while others dissented, notably the permanent security council members France, Russia and the People's Republic of China, and fellow NATO members Germany and Belgium.

Memorial Quilt, created to remember those U. S. Armed Forces members killed in the Iraq War.

Following the Iraq War WMF created the Iraq Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiative to address the many threats to Iraq ’ s cultural heritage resulting from the occupation and from a long period of political isolation and conflict.

Differing opinions on US wars such as the Vietnam war or the war in Iraq, as well as US opposition to past wars in which Canada has been involved such as World War I and World War II, both of which the U. S. originally opposed itself have also created difficulties.

Egypt's realignment created a power vacuum that Saddam Hussein of Iraq, at one time only a secondary power, hoped to fill.

This office was created with a mandate to propagandize throughout the Middle East, Asia and Western Europe, with the help of the Rendon Group, a Washington, DC based public relations firm with close ties to the US government, and which had had a prominent role in promoting the Iraqi National Congress, an opposition group of Iraq exiles.

This report of February 14 and the protests of February 16 appear to have created reluctance in some of the members of the Security Council over the proposed war on Iraq.

" In such meetings they created a policy that would later be dubbed the Bush Doctrine, centering on " pre-emption " and the war on Iraq, which the PNAC had advocated in their earlier letters.

" According to an unnamed Pentagon source quoted by Hersh, the OSP " was created in order to find evidence of what Wolfowitz and his boss, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, believed to be true — that Saddam Hussein had close ties to Al Qaeda, and that Iraq had an enormous arsenal of chemical, biological, and possibly even nuclear weapons that threatened the region and, potentially, the United States.

and MSN Messenger, which created controversy when the provisioning of the accounts allegedly violated U. S. trade sanctions against Iraq.

Instead, Wilson was appointed to command the newly created independent Persia and Iraq Command, which included the Tenth Army under Quinan.

The M113 armored personnel carrier | M113, one of the most common tracked APCs, on duty during the Iraq War.

Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad ' Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi (; 1162 – 1231 ), more commonly known as ' Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi or ' Abdallatif al-Baghdadi (), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.

The ancient Ur of Sumer, in present day Tell el-Mukayyar in Iraq is one of the world's earliest сities.

In February 2011 during one of three town-hall meetings on the ROTC ban, former Army staff sergeant Anthony Maschek, a purple heart recipient for injuries sustained during his service in Iraq, was booed and hissed at by some students during his speech promoting the idea of allowing the ROTC on campus.

Relations have steadily improved in recent years, and Egypt is now one of Iraq ’ s main trade partners ( formerly under the Oil-for-Food Programme ).

It was broad daylight by the time they circled round the back of Deir el Abyad where they found the feature to the east of it occupied by 18th Indian Infantry Brigade which, after a hasty journey from Iraq, had occupied the exposed position just west of Ruweisat Ridge and east of Deir el Abyad at Deir el Shein late on 28 June to create one of Norrie's additional defensive boxes.

The Abbasid Caliphate at its height, in 830 ADImportant contributions were made by Ibn al-Haytham ( 965 – 1040 ), a mathematician from Basra, Iraq considered one of the founders of modern optics.

It is the earliest known civilization in the world, making Iraq one of the Cradles of Civilization.

Kuwait made several representations to the Iraqis during the war to fix the border once and for all but Baghdad repeatedly demurred, claiming that the issue is a potentially divisive one that could inflame nationalist sentiment inside Iraq.

As one of the three most oil-rich countries in the world, Iraq has the resources for complete energy independence.

Relations have steadily improved in recent years, and Egypt is now one of Iraq ’ s main trade partners ( formerly under the Oil-for-Food Programme ).

Jordan is one of a small number of Arab countries to have named ambassadors to Iraq.

The abject failure of Ribbentrop's Iraq scheme in May 1941 had a totally opposite effect to the one intended.

In his book, Twilight of the Elites: America After Meritocracy, Chris Hayes has attributed what he calls the ' Fail Decade ' — which includes 9 / 11, the Enron scandal, the invasion of Iraq, Hurricane Katrina, the subprime crisis and the Great Recession — to the deterioration of America's meritocratic system into one of plutocracy.

To take one example, the nation now known as Iraq intentionally joined together three Ottoman vilayets, uniting Kurds in the north, Sunni Arabs in the center, and Shia Arabs in the south, in an effort to present a strong national buffer state between Turkey and Persia: over these was placed a foreign king from the Hashemite dynasty native to the Hijaz.

Abu Zanad, an Arabic writer from Iraq who lived around 747 A. D. ( after the founding of Islam ), wrote that at least one Mandaean community located in northern Iraq observed Ramadan.

Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings.

Iraq quickly found itself bogged down in one of the longest and most destructive wars of attrition of the 20th century.

For one, Washington had been taking measures to cultivate a constructive relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade.

U. S. ambassador to Iraq April Glaspie met with Saddam in an emergency meeting on 25 July 1990, where the Iraqi leader stated his intention to give negotiations only ... one more brief chance before forcing Iraq's claims on Kuwait.

* August 20 – The Iran – Iraq War ends, with an estimated one million lives lost.

He was one of numerous notable public figures, including the linguist Noam Chomsky and the actress Susan Sarandon, who signed the " Not In My Name " declaration opposing the 2003 invasion of Iraq.