With rival paramilitary organisations appearing in both the nationalist / republican and Irish unionist / Ulster loyalist communities ( the Ulster Defence Association, Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ), etc.

The linking of conscription and Home Rule outraged the Irish nationalist parties at Westminster, ( including the IPP, AFIL and others ) who walked out in protest and returned to Ireland to organise opposition.

The aftermath of the Rising, and in particular the British reaction to it, helped to sway a large section of Irish nationalist opinion away from hostility or ambivalence and towards support for the rebels of Easter 1916.

He also met and befriended the Irish nationalist Daniel O ' Connell who was to prove to be a great inspiration.

The political violence that broke out across Ireland in 1919, and which continued on and off until 1923, had its origins in Irish nationalist demands for Home Rule within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and unionist resistance to those demands.

The passage of the Bill through Parliament over the next two years was accompanied in Ireland by the formation of first unionist, and then nationalist, mass-membership armed militias: the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Irish Volunteers, respectively.

John Redmond, the leader of the nationalist Irish Parliamentary Party, was prepared to accept British promises to deliver Home Rule, and publicly backed the British war effort.

There were calls for the execution of the " ringleaders " in the major Irish nationalist daily newspaper, the Irish Independent, and local authorities also sought the ringleaders.

A small Irish nationalist party, Sinn Féin, was widely, but wrongly, credited with orchestrating the Easter Rising even though its leader Arthur Griffith advocated only Irish self-government under a dual monarchy.

From 1916 to 1918, the two dominant nationalist movements, Sinn Féin and the Irish Parliamentary Party, fought a tough series of battles in by-elections.

Irish leaders expected that it would so reduce Northern Ireland's size, by transferring nationalist areas to the Irish Free State, as to make it economically unviable.

* 1997 – The Troubles: In response to the Drumcree dispute, five days of mass protests, riots and gun battles begin in Irish nationalist districts of Northern Ireland.

* 1848 – Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt – in Tipperary, Ireland, United Kingdom, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police.

Smith returned to the theatre stage after some 20 years in August 2006, appearing at the Edinburgh Fringe festival in Allegiance, Irish journalist and author Mary Kenny's play about Churchill's encounter with the Irish nationalist leader Michael Collins in 1921.

* 1905 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.

* 1815 – John Mitchel, Irish nationalist ( d. 1875 )

* 1843 – The British arrest the Irish nationalist Daniel O ' Connell for conspiracy to commit crimes.

It emerged out of the December 1969 split of the Irish Republican Army over differences of ideology and how to respond to violence against the nationalist community.

CMG between 1911 and shortly before his execution for treason, when he was stripped of his British honours — was a humanitarian campaigner and an Irish patriot, poet, revolutionary, and nationalist.

An Irish nationalist and Parnellite in his youth, he worked in Africa for commercial interests and latterly in the service of Britain.

It was the largest party in Dáil Éireann at every general election from the 1932 general election until the 2011 general election, when it suffered the worst defeat of a sitting government in the history of the Irish state, a loss described as " historic " in its proportions, where it saw its electoral support base diminished by 75 %, as a reaction to the intervention, and in the running of the Irish economy, of the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank in November 2010.

Immigrant groups who had made up an important part of the Democratic coalition, such as ethnic Germans and Irish, also voted for Harding in the election in reaction to their perceived persecution by the Wilson administration during World War I.

It has been suggested that this was a reaction to offence caused by the Governor-General of Canada, Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis who was of Northern Irish descent and who allegedly arranged to have placed symbols of Northern Ireland, notably a replica of the famous Roaring Meg cannon used in the Siege of Derry, in front of Costello at a state dinner.

Particularly since the 1960s, there has been some controversy concerning the 346 British and Imperial troops — including 25 Canadians, 22 Irish and 5 New Zealanders — who were shot for desertion, murder, cowardice and other offences during the war, some of whom are now thought to have been suffering from combat stress reaction or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (" shell-shock ", as it was then known ).

The meeting got a mixed reaction in the North, however, in the Republic it was a clear indication that the " Irish Cold War " had ended, or a thaw was prevailing at least.

Several events-including the Easter Rising of 1916, and the conscription crisis of 1918-and the subsequent reaction of the British Government, had utterly altered the state of Irish Politics, and made Sinn Féin the dominant voice of Irish Nationalism.

The reaction of the Anglo-Irish to the Anglo-Irish Treaty which envisaged the establishment of the Irish Free State was mixed.

It has been suggested that it was a spur of the moment reaction to offence caused by the Governor-General of Canada, Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis who was of Northern Irish descent and who allegedly placed symbols of Northern Ireland, notably a replica of the famous Roaring Meg cannon used in the Siege of Derry, before an affronted Costello at a state dinner.

Political reaction resulting from the Great Irish Famine was muted, because of the extremely limited electoral franchise that existed at the time.

Though critics often interpreted it as a sarcastic reaction to the ban on " Give Ireland Back to the Irish ", it was in fact a serious effort by McCartney to write a song for children.

This portrayal was a reaction to both the Catholicism of the Irish and their willingness to work for cheap wages, which frightened non-Irish workers.

Perhaps, already expecting that the Rising would ultimately fail and that the reaction to the Rising and what Pearse called their " blood sacrifice ", rather than the Rising itself, would reawaken Irish nationalism and produce independence, they did not seek to use the building for fear that it, like the GPO, would be destroyed in the British counter-attack.

The revelation that one senior Catholic bishop, Eamon Casey, fathered a child by a divorcée caused a major reaction, as did the discovery of child abuse by a large number of clerics, notably the infamous paedophile Father Brendan Smyth ( the incompetent handling of a request for the extradition of Smyth brought down an Irish government in 1994 ).

general election of February 2011, as a reaction to the intervention, in the running of the Irish economy, of the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank in November 2010.

Michael Collins along with several other IRB members claim that the formation of the Irish Volunteers was not merely a " knee-jerk reaction " to the Ulster Volunteers, which is often supposed, but was in fact the " old Irish Republican Brotherhood in fuller force.

Strict wartime press censorship had the effect of controlling a moral reaction to the war's unfolding events and reiterated the public position that Irish neutrality was morally superior to the stance of any of the combatants.

Joseph Goebbels instructed German radio not to repeat their report of the raid as Adolf Hitler was surprised at the Irish reaction, which might influence Irish Americans to bring the United States into the war.

The non-shedding characteristic of the coat means that people usually allergic to dogs might have less of an allergic reaction to Irish Water Spaniels ( see hypoallergenic ).

In reaction to his speculations, which suggested that the original Anglo-Saxons were among the lost tribes of Israel and the Irish Catholics were the remnants of the Canaanites, Dr Poole was expelled from the Methodist Church in Canada.

This was one of the Irish women who had built their own huts down near the river.

Betty Lou Ham, age 16, Holyoke, Mass., showing an Irish Setter, was chosen as International Champion of the year.

He had a round, frank Irish face, creased in a jovial grin that stayed bleakly in place even when he was pumping bullets into someone's body.

O'Banion was born in poverty, the son of an immigrant Irish plasterer, in the North Side's Little Hell, close by the Sicilian quarter and Death Corner.

He was also at the same time gaining practical experience as a safe breaker and highwayman, and learning how to shoot to kill from a Neanderthal convicted murderer named Gene Geary, later committed to Chester Asylum as a homicidal maniac, but whose eyes misted with tears when the young Dion sang a ballad about an Irish mother in his clear and syrupy tenor.

And when the singing began, it was the Gouldings who sang the old Irish songs the best.

Swift however, Landa argues, is not merely criticizing economic maxims but also addressing the fact that England was denying Irish citizens their natural rights and dehumanizing them by viewing them as a mere commodity.

This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

James Joyce was a prominent Irish author of the 20th century.

One of the earliest group automorphisms ( automorphism of a group, not simply a group of automorphisms of points ) was given by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856, in his Icosian Calculus, where he discovered an order two automorphism, writing:

The word " electron " was coined in 1891 by the Irish physicist George Stoney whilst analyzing elementary charges for the first time.

Arizona State Sun Devils football was founded in 1897 under coach Fred Irish.

He was the oldest of ten children born to Hugh Brunty and Eleanor McCrory, poor Irish peasant farmers.

The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover ( a granddaughter of James I ) and her Protestant heirs.

The Irish Free State, whose consent to the Abdication Act was also required, neither gave it nor allowed the British legislation to take effect in the Free State's jurisdiction ; instead, the Irish parliament passed its own Act — the Executive Authority ( External Relations ) Act — the day after the Declaration of Abdication Act took force elsewhere, meaning Edward VIII, for one day, remained King of Ireland while George VI was king of all the other realms.

Born from a noble family of the province of Soule, his father Michel was born in Arrast-Larrebieu and his mother was Irish.

Irish through his mother, Abbadie was an English-speaker but his relationship with Irish culture or his Irish family is not documented.

In Ireland the oath was imposed of state office holders, teachers and lawyers, and on clergy of the established church in from 1703, the following year it was on all Irish voters and from 1709 it can be demanded from any adult male by a magistrate.