The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering is a 2000 book by Norman G. Finkelstein that argues that the American Jewish establishment exploits the memory of the Nazi Holocaust for political and financial gain, as well as to further the interests of Israel.

Because of this, Finkelstein repeatedly asserts that " fraudulent " claims were made on Switzerland, while accounts and assets in the US and Israel were ignored.

*" It Takes an Enormous Amount of Courage to Speak the Truth When No One Else is Out There " -- World-Renowned Holocaust, Israel Scholars Defend DePaul Professor Norman Finkelstein as He Fights for Tenure ( Raul Hilberg and Avi Shlaim speak in support of Norman Finkelstein's scholarship and " The Holocaust Industry " specifically.

* Finkelstein, Israel ; Mazar, Amihay ; Schmidt, Brian B., " The Quest for the Historical Israel " ( Society of Biblical Literature, 2007 )

Israel Finkelstein points to the appearance of settlements in the central hill country around 1200 as the earliest of the known settlements of the Israelites.

Some authors, especially Israel Finkelstein, maintain that the Book of Kings minimized Omri's accomplishments.

Israel Finkelstein has suggested that there may be a period of 25 – 50 years after the sacking of these cities and their reoccupation by the Philistines.

Yigael Yadin's excavations at Hazor, Megiddo, Beit Shean and Gezer uncovered structures that he and others have argued date from his reign, but others, such as Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman, argue that they should be dated to the Omride period, more than a century after Solomon.

According to Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman, authors of The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, at the time of the kingdoms of David and Solomon, Jerusalem was populated by only few hundred residents or less, which is insufficient for an empire stretching from the Euphrates to Eilath.

Although both Finkelstein and Silberman accept that David and Solomon were real kings of Judah about the 10th century BC, they claim that the earliest independent reference to the Kingdom of Israel is about 890 BC, and for Judah about 750 BC.

However, the tribe is not mentioned in the ancient Song of Deborah, and some scholars think that Simeon was not originally regarded as a distinct tribe ; according to Israel Finkelstein, the south of Canaan, in which Simeon was situated, was simply an insignificant rural backwater at the time the poem was written.

Israel Finkelstein et al., however, have claimed that lack of evidence for a systematic conquest or the abrupt appearance of a new culture indicates that the Israelites simply arose as a subculture within Canaanite society.

Traditionally, this has been explained as being due to the southern kingdom being too far away to be involved in the battle, but Israel Finkelstein et al.

Others, most notably Israel Finkelstein of Tel Aviv University, argue that the structure could, for the most part, be from the much later Hasmonean period.

* The Devil Is Not So Black as He Is Painted: BAR Interviews Israel Finkelstein Biblical Archaeology Review

Recently the difference between the Maximalist and Minimalist has reduced, however a new school started with a work, " The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel " by Israel Finkelstein, Amihai Mazar, and Brian B. Schmidt.

In 2001, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman published the book The Bible Unearthed.

* Finkelstein, Israel, The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement, 1988

* Finkelstein, Israel and Silberman, Neil A.

* Israel Finkelstein ( b. 1949 Petah Tikva ), archaeologist

Further levels of editing have also been proposed, including: a late 8th century edition pointing to Hezekiah of Judah as the model for kingship ; an earlier 8th century version with a similar message but identifying Jehu of Israel as the ideal king ; and an even earlier version promoting the House of David as the key to national well-being.

Because of this potential for confusion, a number of Conservative Rabbis have proposed renaming the movement, and outside of the United States and Canada, in many countries including Israel and the UK, it is today known as Masorti Judaism ( Hebrew for " Traditional ").

In the hearings before the Ad Hoc Political Committee that considered Israel's application for membership in the United Nations, Abba Eban said that the rights stipulated in section C. Declaration, chapters 1 and 2 of UN resolution 181 ( II ) had been alluded to in the fundamental law of the state of Israel as proposed by the resolution.

The proposed Syrian country includes Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait ; and southern Turkey, northern Egypt, and southwestern Iran.

In order to keep Arabs, whom he stated would never accept Israel as a Jewish state, from becoming a numerical majority in Israel, he proposed a plan allowing Arabs to voluntarily leave Israel and receive compensation for their property, and forcibly removing Arabs who refused.

Kahane proposed that Israel expand its boundaries " according to the description given in the Bible.

After the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Ze ' evi proposed transferring Palestinians to the east side of the Jordan River to serve as a buffer zone against any Iraqi attempt to attack Israel.

According to the theory of the Deuteronomistic history proposed by Martin Noth and widely accepted, Deuteronomy was a product of the court of Josiah ( late 7th century ) before being used as the introduction to a comprehensive history of Israel written in the early part of the 6th century ; later still it was detached from the history and used to round off the Pentateuch.

Proposals for a Palestinian state currently refers to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in Palestine on land that was occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967 and earlier to that year for 18 years ( 1949 ) by Egypt ( Gaza ) and by Jordan ( West Bank ).

* During the 1978 Camp David negotiations between Israel and Egypt Anwar Sadat proposed the creation of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza.

It was originally proposed by Markus Reiner, a professor at Technion in Israel, inspired by a verse in the Bible, stating " The mountains flowed before the Lord " in a song by prophetess Deborah ( Judges 5: 5 ).

In July 2004 Kaufman wrote an article in The Guardian newspaper, entitled The case for sanctions against Israel: What worked with apartheid can bring peace to the Middle East, in which he proposed economic sanctions against Israel.

In August 1970, Israel, Jordan, and Egypt agreed to an " in place " ceasefire under the terms proposed by the Rogers Plan.

Israel proposed that the Palestinians be granted " custodianship ," though not sovereignty, on the Temple Mount, with Israel retaining control over the Western Wall, a remnant of the ancient wall that surrounded the Temple Mount, and one of the most sacred sites in Judaism outside of the Temple Mount itself.

Israel proposed that the Palestinians merge certain outer Arab villages and small cities that had been annexed to Jerusalem just after 1967 ( such as: Abu Dis, Alezariye, ' Anata, A-Ram, and eastern Sawahre ) to create the city of Al-Quds, which would serve as the capital of Palestine.

The Israeli negotiators proposed that Israel be allowed to set up radar stations inside the Palestinian state, and be allowed to use its airspace.

Among Gush Shalom's concerns with Barak's offer were Barak's demand to annex large settlement blocs ( 9 % of the West Bank ) with no Israeli land given to a proposed Palestinian state in return, the lack of contiguity that the settlement blocs would cause for a Palestinian state, lack of trust in the commitment and / or ability of the Israeli government to evacuate the thousands of non-bloc Israeli settlers in the 15-year timeline, limited sovereignty for Palestinians in Jerusalem ( the historically important Arab neighborhoods such as Sheikh Jarrah, Silwan, and At-Tur would remain under Israeli sovereignty, while Palestinians would only have sovereignty over the outer Arab neighborhoods in Jerusalem ), the lack of Palestinian sovereignty over holy sites in Jerusalem ( Palestinians would only receive " administrative control " over their holy sites, and the Old City's Muslim and Christian Quarters, however Israel was to receive complete sovereignty over Jewish holy sites, and the Old City's Jewish and Armenian Quarters ).

Unlike some critics of Israeli policy, he publicly opposed the proposed boycott of Israeli academics by the Association of University Teachers in the United Kingdom, arguing that it would " weaken the last public sphere of free thinking and free speech in Israel.

However the UN has proposed that Israel also withdraw from the Shebaa Farms and that it be considered international territory under UNIFIL.

Reliant has provided designs to several other manufacturers, including Autocars in Israel, Otosan in Turkey and the proposed Anziel Nova in New Zealand in the 1960s ; and MEBEA in Greece and Sipani Automobiles in India in the 1970s.

Typical motorway road layout ( Republic of Ireland | Irish and Israel i road markings )