As historian Mikhail Shcherbatov stated, her court was “ arrayed in cloth of gold, her nobles satisfied with only the most luxurious garments, the most expensive foods, the rarest drinks, that largest number of servants and they applied this standard of lavishness to their dress as well .” Clothing soon became the chosen means in Court by which to display wealth and social standing.

In contrast to Swedish Estonia, which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched, the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden: serfdom was abolished, peasants were offered education as well as military, administrative or ecclesiastical careers, and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction.

French peerage thus differed from British peerage ( to whom the term " baronage ", also employed as the title of the lowest noble rank, was applied in its generic sense ), for the vast majority of French nobles, from baron to duke, were not peers.

For a considerable period, the local nobles applied to the Minangkabau ruler in Sumatra for a ruler.

In England, the term magnate has often been applied to the extremely powerful nobles that Edward III created when he split his kingdom amongst his sons rather than choosing one son to inherit the entire kingdom.

The same applied in the Scottish and Welsh Marches where powerful nobles, the Marcher Lords, were placed by Kings to act as a buffer between England and its enemies to the north and to the west.

The designation landed gentry originally referred exclusively to commoners, but usage became more fluid over time: by the late 19th century, it was also applied to nobles such as the Duke of Westminster who lived in such a manner.

According to Du Cange the designation captal ( capital, captau, capitau ) was applied loosely to the more illustrious nobles of Aquitaine, counts, viscounts, etc., probably as capitales domini, principal lords, though he quotes more fanciful explanations.

In the years 1569-1575 126 people applied for admission to the Polish Province of Jesuits, mainly Polish nobles.

Also under consideration is an increased investment in Cunard Eagle Airways which has applied to serve New York.

What does Tri-State actually want to do, now that it has the meters under franchise and certain phases of its piping system in the `` patent applied for '' stage??

Different sampling ratios were applied under different conditions.

High-gain, photoelectronic image intensification is applied under conditions of low incident light levels whenever the integration time required by a sensor or recording instrument exceeds the limits of practicability.

Regulatory Arbitrage was used for the first time in 2005 when it was applied by Scott V. Simpson, a partner at law firm Skadden, Arps, to refer to a new defence tactic in hostile mergers and acquisitions where differing takeover regimes in deals involving multi-jurisdictions are exploited to the advantage of a target company under threat.

Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension ; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

; Honorary Assistant bishop, Assisting Bishop, or Bishop Emeritus: These titles are usually applied to retired bishops who are given a general licence to minister as episcopal pastors under a diocesan's oversight.

BRP is similar to other generic systems such as GURPS, Hero System or Savage Worlds in that it uses a simple resolution method which can be broadly applied, in this case an attempt to roll under a certain number with percentile dice.

In this sense the word baccalarius or baccalaureus first appears at the University of Paris in the 13th century, in the system of degrees established under the auspices of Pope Gregory IX, as applied to scholars still in statu pupillari.

Several kinds of descriptive categorizations can be applied broadly to the elements, including consideration of their general physical and chemical properties, their states of matter under familiar conditions, their melting and boiling points, their densities, their crystal structures as solids, and their origins.

Ultimately the Russian school of point-set topology, under the direction of Pavel Alexandrov and Pavel Urysohn, formulated Heine – Borel compactness in a way that could be applied to the modern notion of a topological space.

The straight column under load is in stable equilibrium if a lateral force, applied between the two ends of the column, produces a small lateral deflection which disappears and the column returns to its straight form when the lateral force is removed.

Microsoft applied C # and CLI under the Community Promise, so anyone can safely implement those standards without fearing a patent lawsuit.

* Instead of oral laws known to a special class, arbitrarily applied and interpreted, all laws were written, thus made known to all literate citizens ( who could make appeal to the Areopagus for injustices ): "... the constitution formed under Draco, when the first code of laws was drawn up.

It was eventually applied to one-third of the land area of the U. S. ( mostly in the West ) and was used against those with " Foreign Enemy Ancestry " — Japanese, and Korean, who were considered to have Japanese nationality ( since Korea had been under Japanese rule since 1910 ).

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms ( flows ) under an applied shear stress.

Marxist interpretations of the term have, for example, been applied in relation to Cuba under Fidel Castro and Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh.

At the end of the algorithm, if the Gauss – Jordan elimination ( zeros under and above the leading 1 ) is applied:

Information theory is closely associated with a collection of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions.

In most jurisdictions, involuntary commitment is specifically applied to individuals found to be suffering from a mental illness that impairs their reasoning ability to such an extent that the laws, state or courts find that decisions must or should be made for them under a legal framework.

Broke and working as a musician in New York City after returning from Paris in 1976, Jarmusch applied on a whim to the prestigious Graduate Film School of New York University's Tisch School of the Arts ( then under the direction of Hollywood director László Benedek ).

Even if the denotation of lycanthropy is limited to the wolf-metamorphosis of living human beings, the beliefs classed together under this head are far from uniform, and the term is somewhat capriciously applied.

irrevocably weakened ; and that limited resources might best be applied elsewhere, such as climate control, as under the Archives ' Twenty-Year Preservation Plan, the emphasis was on " maximum benefit for the greatest number of records.

Merovingian law was not universal law equally applicable to all ; it was applied to each man according to his origin: Ripuarian Franks were subject to their own Lex Ripuaria, codified at a late date ( Beyerle and Buchner 1954 ), while the so-called Lex Salica ( Salic Law ) of the Salian clans, first tentatively codified in 511 ( Rouche 1987 p 423 ) was invoked under medieval exigencies as late as the Valois era.

The working test of `` the facts '' must always be the best available description obtainable from scholars and scientists who have applied their methods of investigation to relevant situations.

After their work other investigators applied salt-fractionation techniques to the problem, as well as fractionation with organic solvents, such as acetone.

In even greater degree the same rule applied to the remainder of Eastern Europe, where the upper classes had generally collaborated with the Nazis, even to the extent of sending millions of their peasants into Russia as a part of Hitler's armies.

It is assumed that the gyros are designed with electrical torquers so that a torque can be applied about their output axes.

Later, the word became almost exclusively applied to a cow thief, startin' from the days of the maverick when cowhands were paid by their employers to `` get out and rustle a few mavericks ''.

These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disk of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet, but as small objects in the outer Solar System were discovered, their volatile-based surfaces were found to more closely resemble comets, and so were often distinguished from traditional asteroids.

In NMR spectroscopy, the orientation of nuclei with respect to the applied magnetic field determines their chemical shift.

The disadvantage of computer anagram solvers, especially when applied to multi-word anagrams, is their poor understanding of the meaning of the words they are manipulating.

From about 1955 he started to work on sheaf theory and homological algebra, producing the influential " Tôhoku paper " ( Sur quelques points d ' algèbre homologique, published in 1957 ) where he introduced Abelian categories and applied their theory to show that sheaf cohomology can be defined as certain derived functors in this context.

This technique ( named after their inventors ) is based on the line-broadening and self-reversal of emission lines from HCL when high current is applied.

Despite several differences in definitions, their importance becomes apparent as different methods of analysis when applied to acid – base reactions for gaseous or liquid species, or when acid or base character may be somewhat less apparent.

The Bahá ' í teachings state that the attributes which are applied to God are used to translate Godliness into human terms and also to help individuals concentrate on their own attributes in worshipping God to develop their potentialities on their spiritual path.

Structuralist or institutional analysis shows that the term is misused when it is applied to institutions acting in pursuit of their acknowledged goals, for example, when a group of corporations engage in price-fixing to increase profits.

When it started in 1970, the Universal Press Syndicate gave cartoonists a 50-percent share on the ownership of their works, while the Creators Syndicate ( founded in 1987 ) granted artists full rights to the strips, something that Universal Press did in 1990. followed by King Features in 1995, while before 1999 both the Tribune and United Feature services began granting rights to creators over their works ; however the latter three syndicates only applied this to new strips, or to ones popular enough.

The Romans systematized law and applied their system across the Roman Empire.

The following may be applied to individual dimensions of multidimensional data, after transformation, although some of these involve their own implicit transformation of the data.