The statement is often made that when Bultmann argues in this way, he `` overestimates the intellectual stumbling-block which myth is supposed to put in the way of accepting the Christian faith ''.

Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it " systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion.

Despite this, Singer argues that it has led to a difficult intellectual climate, with professors not able to teach courses in Germany on applied ethics and campaigns demanding the resignation of professors who invited Singer to speak.

Israel argues that only an intellectual interpretation can adequately explain the radical break with Ancien Régime society.

Chapin ( 1990 ) argues that Samuel Johnson ( 1709 – 84 ), a leading London intellectual, repeatedly denigrated the Whigs and praised the Tories.

She argues that their intellectual debts to Locke are most evident when one looks at the 1865 debates in the Province of Canada ’ s legislature on whether or not union with the other British North American colonies would be desirable.

" Malcolm argues that Izetbegović's views were much more thoroughly expressed in his later book, Islam between East and West, where he presented Islam as a kind of spiritual and intellectual synthesis which included the values of West Europe.

Murray Rothbard argues for allowing contractually arising infinite copyright terms and against the need for any government role in protecting intellectual property.

" He argues that intellectual property laws can actually hinder innovation, since competitors can be indefinitely discouraged from further research expenditures in the general area covered by the patent because the courts may hold their improvements as infringements on the previous patent, and the patent holder is discouraged from engaging in further research in this field because the privilege discourages his improvement of his invention for the entire period of the patent, with the assurance that no competitor can trespass on his domain.

Roderick T. Long argues that the concept of intellectual property is not libertarian.

Convincingly argues she had substantial intellectual calibre in her own right, and did not attract Russell simply by her youth, beauty, freedom from convention and ardent pacifism.

Rather than requiring informed schoolmasters to guide students towards prescribed and alienating ends, Rancière argues that educators can channel the equal intelligence in all to facilitate their intellectual growth in virtually unlimited directions.

Using the term Jewish ethnocentrism, he argues that Judaism fosters in Jews a series of marked genetic traits, including above-average verbal intelligence and a strong tendency toward collectivist behavior, as manifested in a series of influential intellectual movements.

MacDonald repeatedly emphasizes that he does not argue that all Jews in all circumstances display the traits he identifies ; for example, his Understanding Jewish Influence argues that neoconservatism is a Jewish intellectual movement, while in the 2000 US Presidential Election about 80 % of the Jewish vote went to Vice President Al Gore, who was campaigning against George W. Bush whose campaign was heavily staffed with and influenced by neoconservatives.

David Post argues that Lessig shows that " free culture " has always been a part of our intellectual heritage and illuminates the tension between the already created and not yet created.

Benoist argues that heredity is dominant in forming an intellectual elite.

Further, he argues that sacred scripture employs figurative language: " Now it is natural to man to attain to intellectual truths through sensible objects, because all our knowledge originates from sense.

Witelo argues that there are intellectual and corporeal bodies, connected by causality ( corresponding to the Idealist doctrine of the universal and the actual ), emanating from God in the form of Divine Light.

In his writing, Daniels frequently argues that the liberal and progressive views prevalent within Western intellectual circles minimise the responsibility of individuals for their own actions and undermine traditional mores, contributing to the formation within rich countries of an underclass afflicted by endemic violence, criminality, sexually transmitted diseases, welfare dependency, and drug abuse.

Appiah argues that the formative denotation of culture is ultimately preceded by the efficacy of intellectual interchange.

Hui Shi acts as an intellectual foil who argues the alternative viewpoint, or criticizes the Daoist perspective, often with moments of humor.

She argues that the Quebec intellectuals of the 1930s and 1940s were far less isolated and more deeply influenced by the intellectual currents in Europe, particularly the nationalism of the extreme right, than is described in most Quebec histories of the period.

Morris argues that commonly accepted geological theories do not truly depend on scientific data but are rather a " moral and emotional decision ," in which evolutionists seek " intellectual justification for escape from personal responsibility to his Creator and escape from the ' way of the Cross ' as the necessary and sufficient means of his personal redemption.

Utilitarianism, in general, argues that the standard of justification for actions, institutions, or the whole world, is impartial welfare consequentialism, and only indirectly, if at all, to do with rights, property, need, or any other non-utilitarian criterion.

Moore's argument in Principia Ethica is ( among other things ) a defense of ethical non-naturalism ; he argues that the term " good " ( in the sense of intrinsic value ) is indefinable, because it names a simple, non-natural property.

" In natural resources, he sees two types of property, de jure property ( legal title ) and de facto property ( physical possession ), and argues that the former is illegitimate.

Pocock argues that thinkers who shared these ideals tended to believe that the function of property was to maintain an individual's independence as a precondition of his virtue.

Stateless capitalism argues that taxes are theft, that government and the business community complicit in governance is organized crime and is equivalent to the criminal underworld, and that defense of life and property is just another industry, which must be privatized.

Similarly, Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises argues that externalities arise from lack of " clear personal property definition.

One reviewer argues that de Zayas over-emphasizes the role of the Bund der Vertriebenen ( non-governmental association representing the expellees ) and its property and territorial claims.

Stephanie McCurry argues, yeomen were clearly distinguished from poor whites by their ownership of land ( real property ).

Above all, Machiavelli argues, a prince should not interfere with the property of their subjects, their women, or the life of somebody without proper justification.

In Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville argues that the abolition of the laws of primogeniture and entail in the law of inheritance of private property ( as opposed to inheritance of a monarchy ) result in the more rapid division of land and thus force landed people to seek wealth outside the family estate in order to maintain their previous standard of living, accelerating the death of the landed aristocracy and also quickening the shift to democracy.

Indeed, modern libertarianism characterizes the majority of laws as intrusive to personal autonomy and, in particular, argues that the right of self-defense from coercion ( including violence ) is a fundamental human right, and in all cases, with no exceptions, justifies all uses of violence stemming from this right, regardless whether in defense of the person or property.

Though Proudhon rejects the right of property per se, he also argues that the state of possession as it is ( or was ) could not be justified even by supposing this right.

The Philosophy of Right ( as it is usually called ) begins with a discussion of the concept of the free will and argues that the free will can only realize itself in the complicated social context of property rights and relations, contracts, moral commitments, family life, the economy, the legal system, and the polity.

The poor, he argues, are often unable to secure formal property rights, such as land titles, to the land on which they live or farm because of poor governance, corruption and / or overly complex bureaucracies.

It claims that differences in class and the ownership of property are unnatural, and argues for property and women to be held in common.

Kinsella argues that property rights can only apply to scarce resources ; thus, if a new lawnmower could be magically conjured up out of nothing in the blink of an eye, it would not be theft to steal one.

In his book, Nye argues that soft power is a more difficult instrument for governments to wield than hard power for two reasons ; First, many of its critical resources are outside the control of governments ; Second, soft power tends to “ work indirectly by shaping the environment for policy, and sometimes takes years to produce the desired outcomes .” The book identifies three broad categories of soft power: “ culture ,”“ political values ,” and “ policies .”

As against this, the Thai Buddhist monk, Phra Rajyanvisith, of the Dhammakaya Movement ( which does not see itself as Mahayanist but as modern Theravadin ) argues that it tends to be scholars who hold the view of absolute non-Self, rather than Buddhist meditators.

Music writer Rusty DeSoto argues that pop music history tends to downplay the importance of Monterey in favor of the " bigger, higher-profile, more decadent " Woodstock Festival, held two years later.

In Power Kills, R. J. Rummel argues that the more power a government has, the more it tends to kill its own citizens and make war on other countries.

John Spiri, associate professor at Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, argues that Arudou's tactics are excessive and that he tends to perceive " black and white " and that he is " more interested in attacking Japan and her people than fighting stereotyping and injustice ".

Lilley argues that many critics struggle with the fact that McCarthy does not use violence for " jury-rigged, symbolic plot resolutions … In McCarthy's work, violence tends to be just that ; it is not a sign or symbol of something else.

'" which argues that praise, like other forms of extrinsic inducements, tends to undermine children's commitment to whatever they were praised for doing ( i. e. children are taught to do things in order to get praise rather than do the things because it is right to do so, or because it is enjoyable to do so ).

He argues that " modernization itself tends to render the language and ethnicity link more salient in consciousness " ( 330 ) and further:

Hamilton argues that a plural executive, having more than one president, " tends to conceal faults, and destroy responsibility ", and states that a singular president would better be suited to wield the full potential of his power in a quick and efficient way, without falling into endless squabbling and dispute with other executives with the same power.