The second is the collateral appeal or post-conviction petition, in which the petitioner-appellant files the appeal in a court of first instance — usually the court that tried the case.

The key distinguishing factor between direct and collateral appeals is that the former occurs in state courts, and the latter in federal courts.

These requirements may be direct, such as requiring certain assets to bear certain minimum credit ratings, or indirect, by the central bank lending to counterparties only when security of a certain quality is pledged as collateral.

In addition, the government is barred by collateral estoppel from re-litigating against the same defence a fact necessarily found by the jury in a prior acquittal, even if the jury hung on other counts.

Benjamin said, " Hezbollah maintains a presence in Europe and its recent activities demonstrate that it is not constrained by concerns about collateral damage or political fallout that could result from conducting operations there ... We assess that Hezbollah could attack in Europe or elsewhere at any time with little or no warning " and that Hezbollah has " stepped up terrorist campaigns around the world.

When a car is used as collateral for a loan the lender usually requires specific coverage.

Gregory II was an alleged collateral ancestor to the Roman Savelli family, according to a 15th-century chronicler, but this is unattested in contemporary documents and very likely unreliable.

A pawnbroker is an individual or business ( pawnshop or pawn shop ) that offers secured loans to people, with items of personal property used as collateral.

The word pawn is derived from the Latin pignus, for pledge, and the items having been pawned to the broker are themselves called pledges or pawns, or simply the collateral.

The customer can either sell the item outright if ( as in most cases ) the pawnbroker is also a licensed secondhand dealer, or offer the item as collateral on a loan.

The blast from the bomb is focused by dropping it into a walled plaza, rather than allowing it to spread in all directions ; however damage and injuries still occurred outside this area due to the power of the weapon, causing the use of a second bomb to be called off for fear of further collateral damage.

Acco, their leader, is forced to ask for pardon and give hostages to Caesar as collateral.

Even if the debt is not secured by collateral, debt holders may still sue for bankruptcy, to ensure that the corporation's assets are used to repay the debt.

A creditor is fully secured if the value of the collateral for its loan to the debtor equals or exceeds the amount of the debt.

* The testis has collateral blood supply from 1. the cremasteric artery ( a branch of the inferior epigastric artery, which is a branch of the external iliac artery ), and 2. the artery to the ductus deferens ( a branch of the inferior vesical artery, which is a branch of the internal iliac artery ).

The superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries ( from the gastroduodenal artery and SMA respectively ) form an anastomotic loop between the celiac trunk and the SMA ; so there is potential for collateral circulation here.

It is also used for controlled penetration, where over-penetration could cause collateral damage ( such as on an aircraft ).

Bhatia also explained in the takeover announcement that the loan, representing the refinanced ABC Corporation debt ( secured using the stadium as collateral ) has now been " bought off " by the new regime ( that is, refinanced by new debt ).

I suggest that the history of bombing — and no one has bombed more than this nation — is a history of endless atrocities, all calmly explained by deceptive and deadly language like ' accident ', ' military target ', and ' collateral damage.

Pawnage or pawn slavery is a form of servitude akin to bonded labor under which the debtor provides another human being as security or collateral for the debt.

According to some economists, for example Hernando de Soto, this is a major barrier to development in those countries-entrepreneurs do not dare take risks and cannot get credit because they hold no collateral and may burden families for generations to come.

Even if one granted the legitimacy of striking at the high-tech horror show by terrorizing its indispensable architects, collateral harm is not justifiable ...

The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument, however in practice the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position.

* Absolute preference is given to the direct descending line over the collateral and ascending line, and, within the same line, the closest degree takes precedence over the more remote and, within the same degree, the elder over the younger, combined with the principles of first-born and representation.

It is testimony to the deep respect in which Mr. Eisenhower was held by members of all parties that the moral considerations raised by his approach to the matter were not explicitly to be broached.

Its ontological status is itself most tenuous because apart from individual men, who are its `` matter '', tradition, the `` form '' of society exists only as a shared perception of truth.

It must be granted that the flouting of convention, no matter how well intentioned one may be, is sure to lead to trouble, or at least to the discomfort that goes with social disapproval.

No matter how earnest is our quest for guaranteed peace, we must maintain a high degree of military effectiveness at the same time we are engaged in negotiating the issue of arms reduction.

Such an understanding, although it must seek to be sympathetic, is not a matter of intuition.

The measure of combat efficiency in an indecisive campaign is a matter of personal choice.

Whether or not Danchin is correct in suggesting that Thompson's resumption of the opium habit also dates from this period is, of course, a matter of conjecture.

One's daily work becomes sacred, since it is performed in the field of influence of the moral law, dealing as it does with people as well as with matter and energy.

Because of these involvements in the matter at stake, Boniface lacked the impartiality that is supposed to be an essential qualification for the position of arbiter, and in retrospect that would seem to be sufficient reason why the English embassies to the Curia proved so fruitless.

It is a matter of trying to sort out an earlier fourth-century Saxon element from the later, fifth-century mainstream of Anglo-Saxon invasions.

It follows that the solution to the current disunity of the free nations is only to a very limited extent a matter of devising new machinery of consultation and coordination.

It is very much a matter of building the foundations of community.

Now, as then, it is a matter of jobs.

Whether it could be as disastrous for American labor as, say, Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters, is a matter of conjecture.

This is a matter of respect for the Presidency.

In the stands he is lonely and lost, no matter how many are about him.

The wisdom of granting such tax exemptions is another matter, but this particular instance is, in my opinion, completely satisfactory.

It is not in business for the purpose of absorbing increased municipal costs no matter how high a purpose that may be ''.

This matter is of great importance, and the outcome may mean the difference between life or death, or at least serious injuries, for many veterans.

The Connally amendment says that the United States, rather than the court, shall determine whether a matter is essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of the United States in a case before the World Court to which the United States is a party.

No matter that Gizenga is Moscow's man in the Congo.

No matter that it is his troops who rape Western women and eat Western men.