He replaced the frog's leg with brine-soaked paper, and detected the flow of electricity by other means familiar to him from his previous studies.

Eventually, the paper and bamboo of which fire lance barrels were originally constructed came to be replaced by metal.

In many corporate environments, standalone fax machines have been replaced by fax servers and other computerized systems capable of receiving and storing incoming faxes electronically, and then routing them to users on paper or via an email ( which may be secured ).

After 1861, new brass cartridges similar to modern cartridges replaced the paper cartridge, but Gatling did not switch to them immediately.

A soft-drink stand disappears, replaced by a small slip of paper with the words " SOFT-DRINK STAND " printed on it in block letters.

In the later Middle Ages, parchment was largely replaced by paper.

Its use in Egypt continued until it was replaced by more inexpensive paper introduced by Arabs.

Cartridge design evolved from simple paper tubes containing black powder and shot, to sealed brass cases with integral primers for ignition, while black powder itself was replaced with cordite, and then other nitro-cellulose-based smokeless powder mixtures, propelling bullets to higher velocities than before.

This closed in 1861 and was immediately replaced by the longest running paper, the St Helena Guardian ( weekly, 1861 – 1925 ).

In time these goods were replaced by full size clay models which in turn were replaced by scale models, and in time today's paper offerings ( including paper servants ).

But as technology progressed, in the middle and later decades of the 20th century, computers and telecommunications replaced paper notifications, meaning that the close proximity requirement could be bypassed in more situations.

Today, in the United States, plain unpatterned colored toilet paper has been mostly replaced by patterned toilet paper, normally white, with embossed decorative patterns or designs in various colors and different sizes depending on the brand.

Banks also appeared on the Australian currency paper $ 5 dollar note before it was replaced by the later polymer currency.

Trade with European powers and the Japanese brought in massive amounts of silver, which then replaced copper and paper banknotes as the common medium of exchange in China.

The original four locks here were replaced in 1819 by five shallower ones to alleviate problems with water supply to the nearby paper mills.

It replaced the incorrect although much cited alpha process of the B2FH paper, which inadvertently obscurred Hoyle's better 1954 theory.

The problem of rigid origami (" if we replaced the paper with sheet metal and had hinges in place of the crease lines, could we still fold the model?

Modern drafting tables ( which have by now largely been replaced by CAD workstations ) come equipped with a drafting machine that is supported on both sides of the table to slide over a large piece of paper.

In the 1970s, white disposable paper caps replaced cotton ones ; in the 1980s, plastic aprons displaced the traditional ones and outerwear began to disappear.

Traditionally handwritten on paper, the anesthesia record is increasingly being replaced by an electronic record as part of an Anesthesia Information Management System ( AIMS ), especially since 2007.

Horrock, who shortly thereafter left the paper, was replaced by James Warren, who attracted new attention to the Tribune's D. C. bureau through his continued attacks on celebrity broadcast journalists in Washington.

Feminist magazines such as The Furies, and Sinister Wisdom replaced The Ladder.

Along with letterpress printing, linotype was the industry standard for newspapers, magazines and posters from the late 19th century to the 1960s and 70s, when it was largely replaced by offset lithography printing and computer typesetting.

Secondaries include the M203 grenade launcher, the M9 pistol, spare magazines, or a pair of binoculars ( in later versions these were replaced with deployable sensors, since binoculars were supplied to all Ghosts ).

The Fashion Director of Harper ’ s Bazaar UK is Sophia Neophitou-Apostolou, founder of 10 and 10 Men magazines, who replaced Alison Edmond for the February 2010 issue.

* On the ABC airing of this cartoon, the part where Daffy is shot in the head by Rocky after confessing that he hasn't laid any eggs is replaced with a repeat shot of the mob members playing cards and reading magazines ( from earlier in the cartoon ).

Reality shows cost slightly less to produce and attain a younger and more loyal audience than the news magazines they replaced.

During the 1890s, photographs reproduced by this second " Ives process " largely replaced the use of hand-engraved wood block and steel plate illustrations, and it remained the standard process for photographically illustrating books, magazines and newspapers during the next eighty years.

In 1948 it lost $ 400, 000, and the next year Balmer was replaced by Wade Hampton Nichols, who had edited various movie magazines.

Everitt left the magazine shortly after Martin's departure, and was replaced by Starlog editor David McDonnell, who handled both magazines for several months before turning over the reins to longtime editor Tony Timpone.

This class of magazines was responsible for introducing type-in programs and " cover tapes " and, later, cover disks ( now replaced by cover CDs / DVDs ).

The. 45 ACP version is compatible with most Colt 1911-type magazines ; the Camp 9 rifle magazine can be replaced by magazines from 59-series S & W pistols.

He was replaced by Samuel Mines, who had worked with Standard's Western magazines, though he was a science fiction aficionado.

That same year she turned 33, and found herself being replaced by younger models in Sullivan's magazines.

Unlike Reyes, he is not optimistic that it will be replaced because most magazines in Asia depend on the patronage of political rulers, and most financiers have an axe to grind.

As the increasing size of games in the mid-90s made them impractical to fit on floppies, and retail publishers and developers began to earnestly mimic the practice, shareware games were replaced by shorter demos that were either distributed free on CDs with gaming magazines or as free downloads over the Internet, in some cases becoming exclusive content for specific websites.

Pyper left in August 1999 and was replaced by Jennifer Stringer who had formerly worked on BBC spin-off magazines from TV shows Live & Kicking and Top of the Pops.

American SL8's will not accept normal-capacity magazines unless the single-lug SL8 bolt head is replaced with a double-lug G36 bolt head, the magazine well is replaced, and the receiver is modified to permit insertion of a wider magazine body.

The 1870s and 1880s were the heyday of the engraver and lithographer, just before the machine replaced the artist, and Julien's illustrations were sought by magazines around the world.

MKS was in turn extended and replaced by the International System of Units ( SI ).

It replaced the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and was superseded by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006.

ICAN remained in operation until 1945, when the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization ( PICAO ) replaced it.

With the heightened international tension of the 1930s the Court was used with decreasing regularity ; by a resolution by the League of Nations on 18 April 1946, the Court ceased to exist, being replaced by the International Court of Justice.

As a result of these conferences and others, the judges of the Permanent Court of International Justice officially resigned in October 1945, and via a resolution by the League of Nations on 18 April, the Court ceased to exist, being replaced with the International Court of Justice.

After the establishment of the League of Nations, The Hague became the seat of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was replaced by the UN's International Court of Justice after the Second World War.

These have now been replaced by the defining points in the International Temperature Scale of 1990, though in practice the melting point of water is more commonly used than its triple point, the latter being more difficult to manage and thus restricted to critical standard measurement.

* February 27 – In Denver, Colorado, Stapleton Airport closes and is replaced by the new Denver International Airport, the largest in the United States.

UNCTAD grew from the view that existing institutions like GATT ( now replaced by the World Trade Organization, WTO ), the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), and World Bank were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries.

* On September 22, 2008, Kraft Foods replaced the American International Group ( AIG ) in the index.

The declaration was amended several times before November 15, 1975, when it was replaced by the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries or " AGR ", which set up a route numbering system and improved standards for roads in the list.

It originated from the TTF ( TESLA Test Facility ), which was built in 1997 to test the technology that was to be used in the planned linear collider TESLA, a project which was replaced by the ILC ( International Linear Collider ).

Premier Tournaments replaced the previous Tier I and Tier II events, and International Tournaments replaced Tier III and IV events.

The pronunciation of / r / was traditionally alveolar but has been almost completely replaced by the International uvular / r / except amongst the older speakers.

The International leadership had them replaced by a minority, leading to a permanent split in the French section.

It is sometimes known as the United Secretariat of the Fourth International ( USFI ) after the name of its leading committee, although that committee was replaced in 2003.

The International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ) call sign prefix allocated for all radio and television broadcasts in Barbados is 8P, and this replaced the former ZN as a British territory.

In 2007 the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) brought in a new law stipulating that, in One Day Internationals, after 35 overs have been bowled the ball must be replaced with a clean used ball.

Barbara Morgan, McAuliffe's backup, became a professional astronaut in January 1998 and flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-118, to the International Space Station, on August 8, 2007, aboard Endeavour, the orbiter that replaced Challenger.

The route through central London is via St Pancras International for connections to Eurostar and the East Midlands ; Farringdon, for London Underground's Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith & City lines, and Crossrail from 2018 ; City Thameslink, which replaced the demolished Holborn Viaduct station and also has a southern entrance serving Ludgate Circus ; Blackfriars, for other rail services and the Underground District and Circle lines ; and London Bridge, for links to a number of other lines.

In that year Miss Lebanon, Christina Sawaya won the Miss International pageant, Miss Turkey, Azra Akın won Miss World, and the original winner of Miss Earth for that year was Džejla Glavović from Bosnia and Herzegovina ( before being replaced by Winfred Omwakwe of Kenya ).