Male chauvinism was apparent long before the feminist movement, and studies indicate that it has been as long-believed and practiced as racism and religious persecution.

Crystal Catherine Eastman ( June 25, 1881 – July 8, 1928 ) was a lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist.

During the 1920s her only paid work was as a columnist for feminist journals, notably Equal Rights and Time and Tide.

Eastman claimed that " life was a big battle for the complete feminist ," but she was convinced that the complete feminist would someday achieve total victory.

Simone de Beauvoir wrote in 1949 that Épître au Dieu d ' Amour was " the first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex " making Christine de Pizan perhaps the West's first feminist, or protofeminist as some scholars prefer to say.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, LSA, MD ( 9 June 1836 – 17 December 1917 ), was an English physician and feminist, the first Englishwoman to qualify as a physician and surgeon in Britain, the co-founder of the first hospital staffed by women, the first dean of a British medical school, the first woman M. D.

The development of feminist film theory was influenced by second wave feminism and the development of women's studies within the academy.

The growing female presence in the film industry was seen as a positive step toward realizing this goal, by drawing attention to feminist issues and putting forth alternative, more true-to-life views of women.

The most radical militant feminist activism was practiced by the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, which was founded by Léon and her colleague, Claire Lacombe on 10 May 1793.

She focused on other aspects of the government, but was a feminist by virtue of the fact that she was a woman working to influence the world.

This was helped by the emergence of self-identified feminist writers including Ann Nocenti, Linda Fite, and Barbara Kesel.

* Gillian Rose ( born 1962 ), most famous for her critique: Feminism & Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge ( 1993 ), which was one of the first moves towards a development of feminist geography.

Schneider proposes that by testing an historian against the criteria of the " objective historian " then, even if an historian holds specific political views ( and she gives an example of a well-qualified historian's testimony that was disregarded by a United States court because he was a member of a feminist group ), providing the historian uses the " objective historian " standards, he or she is a " conscientious historian ".

In France, there was also feminist activity inside individualist anarchism as promoted by individualist feminists Marie Küge, Anna Mahé, Rirette Maitrejean, and Sophia Zaïkovska.

Joanna Russ ( February 22, 1937 – April 29, 2011 ) was an American writer, academic and feminist.

Russ, an out lesbian, was one of the most outspoken authors to challenge male dominance of the field, and is generally regarded as one of the leading feminist science fiction scholars and writers.

Along with her work as a writer of prose fiction, Russ was also a playwright, essayist, and author of nonfiction works, generally literary criticism and feminist theory, including the essay collection Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans & Perverts ; How to Suppress Women's Writing ; and the book-length study of modern feminism, What Are We Fighting For ?.

Russ was a self-described socialist feminist, expressing particular admiration for the work and theories of Clara Fraser and her Freedom Socialist Party.

There was no real sign of the river now, just a roiling, oily ribbon of liquid movement through muddy waters that reached everywhere.

Social Darwinism was able to stave off the incipient socialist movement until well into the present century.

Yet implicit in each movement was the death of millions, perhaps hundreds of millions, perhaps you and me -- and the experts.

At this period the thirty-year old Helion was ranked `` as one of the mature leaders of the modern movement '', according to Herbert Read, `` and in the direct line of descent from Cezanne, Seurat, Gris and Leger ''.

His company then carried out a confused retreating movement until it was surrounded by the Germans, a few days before France capitulated.

Every recorded request by Thomas for a delay in a flank movement or an advance was to gain time to take care of his horses.

When McPherson pushed blindly through Snake Creek Gap in a potentially decisive movement, the only cavalry in his van was the Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, totally inadequate for its role.

For by now the original cause of the quarrel, Philip's seizure of Gascony, was only one strand in the spider web of French interests that overlay all western Europe and that had been so well and closely spun that the lightest movement could set it trembling from one end to the other.

Another powerful factor in the European movement was the threat of Soviet aggression.

Mrs. Podger had obligingly pushed things around on the porch to make room for it, and there it was, slung in a vine-shaded corner, the night breeze rippling its fringe with a slow, caressing movement.

From the east to the west coast of the Korean peninsula was a strip of land in which fear-filled men were at that same moment furtively crawling through the night, sitting in sweaty anticipation of any movement or sound, or shouting amidst confused rifle flashes and muzzle blasts.

Ahead there was a stirring of sudden movement at a crossroads.

There I was a retired wobbly and structural iron worker who'd never gouged a cent off a fellow worker in my thirty years in the movement.

Each successive movement in his growing was recorded on the unreeling film inside her.

The doctor, he noticed, was attempting a transverse movement towards the stairs, but before the movement could be completed a distinct and audible cluck ruffled the air in the hollow of the stair-well.

There was evident delight on the part of the subject in response to her experience of the freedom of movement.

Fifty years ago the general raising of the school-leaving age to sixteen was an example of this movement.

When it was all arranged to fit, and not to interrupt the lengthwise flow of movement in the frieze, the cartoons were tried in place.

But the time came when a church that had no part in the missionary movement was looked upon as deficient in its essential life.

As if this was a signal, Poet abruptly began to thrash the water and the quick movement slowly made them sink through the water.

There was no sound and apparently no movement in the room except the noiseless pulsation of the red light on the wall.

The movement to end Negro slavery began before 1815 and mounted after that year until, as a result of the Civil War, emancipation was achieved.

My movement did frighten the snake and it raised its head and trailed delicately a couple of feet and stopped again, and its tongue was working very rapidly.

From the mid-1980s through at least 1992, the United States was the primary source of military and other support for the UNITA rebel movement, which was led from its creation through 2002 by Jonas Savimbi.