Dianetics was the secular precursor to Hubbard's Church of Scientology.

Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Baseball Players, which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA, in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings ( precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves ) and was highly successful ; winning 206 games ( and losing only 53 ) as a pitcher and batting. 323 as a hitter.

The International Bible Students Association ( precursor to Jehovah's Witnesses ) identified Abaddon as Satan in the 1917 seventh and final volume of Millennial Dawn, to which Charles Taze Russell's name was attached ( although his authorship of the work is doubted ).

It is believed that a precursor of Artemis was worshiped in Minoan Crete as the goddess of mountains and hunting, Britomartis.

A precursor to the public bulletin board system was Community Memory, started in August, 1973 in Berkeley, California, using hardwired terminals located in neighborhoods.

It was also the first BBS to produce audio for its visitors, broadcasting news about screen printing and music in a pre-recorded method in what was the precursor to Internet Radio.

Blackjack's precursor was twenty-one, a game of unknown origin.

Another precursor was the early development of the theory of computation and the digital computer in the 1940s and 1950s.

However, the possibility of actually constructing a conscious machine was probably first discussed by Ada Lovelace, in a set of notes written in 1842 about the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage, a precursor ( never built ) to modern electronic computers.

By 1935, the only significant independent nation that did not possess a central bank was Brazil, which subsequently developed a precursor thereto in 1945 and the present central bank twenty years later.

During World War I Wilkinson Sword transitioned from mail to a lamellar design which was the precursor to the flak jacket.

Engelbart's research was funded by DARPA, and SRI's ARC became involved with the ARPANET, the precursor of the Internet.

In some versions of Doom II, both of these secret levels incorporate level design and characters from Dooms precursor, Wolfenstein 3D, which was also developed by id.

At the age of 13, Hopper and his family moved to San Diego, where his mother worked as a lifeguard instructor and his father was a post office manager ( Hopper has acknowledged, though, that his father was in the Office of Strategic Services, the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency, in China with Mao Zedong ).

DARPA has been responsible for funding the development of many technologies which have had a major effect on the world, including computer networking, as well as NLS, which was both the first hypertext system, and an important precursor to the contemporary ubiquitous graphical user interface.

DARPA also funded the development of the Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system and The Mother of All Demos ; and the Aspen Movie Map, which was probably the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of virtual reality.

This work was a precursor of a modern formulation in terms of constructive type theory.

His work was a precursor to later artistic movements such as minimalism, repetitive music, and the Theatre of the Absurd.

A precursor to GUIs was invented by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led by Douglas Engelbart.

Galvanic paint, a precursor to hot-dip galvanization, was patented by Stanislas Sorel, of Paris, France in December, 1837.

The Byronic hero, in particular, was a key precursor to the male goth image, while Dracula's iconic portrayal by Bela Lugosi appealed powerfully to early goths.

Over the same period that Hellenism was spreading through the Mediterranean world, northern and western Europe were dominated by the La Tène culture, a precursor to the Celts that would populate the same area during the Roman age.

Francia, as this state is sometimes known, was divided into several parts, West Francia would evolve into the Kingdom of France, while East Francia would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire, a precursor to modern Germany.

" The Abbot " was a nickname of RZA from the Wu Tang Clan.

The kingdom ruled by Kenneth's descendants — older works used the name House of Alpin to describe them but descent from Kenneth was the defining factor, Irish sources referring to Clann Cináeda meic Ailpín (" the Clan of Kenneth MacAlpin ") — lay to the south of the previously dominant kingdom of Fortriu, centred in the lands around the River Tay.

The Dalhousie seal is based on the heraldic achievement of the Clan Ramsay of Scotland, largely because the founder of the university, the George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie was the head of the clan.

Historically, this area of Lochaber was strongly Clan Cameron country, and there were a number of mainly Cameron settlements in the area ( such as Blarmacfoldach ).

The movie was originally titled Shadow Clan in the earliest drafts of the film.

The soundtrack was supplied by RZA of the Wu-Tang Clan.

The Harrying of Buchan in 1308 was ordered by Bruce to make sure all Clan Comyn support was extinguished.

Buchan had a very large population because it was the agricultural capital of northern Scotland and much of its population was loyal to the Clan Comyn even after the defeat of the Earl of Buchan.

However, it was not until the Hakuho ruling period of 645 – 710 was Shinto installed at the imperial faith along with the Fujiwara Clan and reforms that followed.

The Clan McDuck was originally called the Clan MacDuich, but dropped the Gaelic spelling of the name in 1071 and became the McDucks.

Sir Swamphole was born in Scotland in 1110, and later became the leader of The Clan McDuck.

Sir Stuft was born in 1190 Under his leadership the Clan suffered from financial problems.

In Australia, the web-site of the Sydney Cave Clan was shut down by lawyers for the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales, after they raised concerns that the portal could " risk human safety and threaten the security of its infrastructure.

Recent research suggests that the Scottish warrior Somerled, who drove the Vikings out of Scotland and was the progenitor of Clan Donald, may himself have been of Viking descent — a member of Haplogroup R1a1.

Stibor of Stiboricz was of Polish origin and from the main line of the powerful Clan of Ostoja that also was against of choosing Jagiello as King of Poland in the beginning.

In the light of facts about the diplomatic work of Stibor and the Clan of Ostoja that was following the politics of King Sigismund, one can question if Sigismund really joined the anti-Polish alliance in reality.

He wrote that it was Clan MacKenzie territory, was " full of woods ", ( a striking comparison with its treeless aspect today ) and that it was " guid for fostering of thieves and rebellis ".

John Sobieski was born 1629 in Olesko, a small town near Lwów in Galicia, then part of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth ( now Lviv, Ukraine ) to a notable noble family de Sobieszyn Sobieski of Clan Janina.