In Europe, the discipline originated as ethnology and was originally defined as the study of social organization in non-state societies, later redefined as social anthropology.

Furthermore, it was subject to relativity and thus was not constant for all observers, therefore, in 2012, the IAU redefined it again to just simply be.

The term was taken and redefined by the anthropologist Sir Edward Tylor in his 1871 book Primitive Culture, in which he defined it as " the general doctrine of souls and other spiritual beings in general.

The Communist Party's ideology was redefined under Deng Xiaoping to incorporate principles of market economics, and the corresponding reforms enabled rapid and sustained economic growth.

The Fahrenheit scale later was redefined to make the freezing-to-boiling interval exactly 180 degrees, a convenient value as 180 is a highly composite number, meaning that it is evenly divisible into many fractions.

Accordingly, the American definition of EVA start time was redefined to when the astronaut switches the EMU to battery power.

The unit was redefined in terms of the tropical year at 1900. 0 instead of the sidereal year ; and the standard second was defined first as 1 / 31556925. 975 of the tropical year at 1900. 0, and then as the slightly modified fraction 1 / 31556925. 9747 instead, finally being redefined in 1967 / 8 in terms of the cesium atomic clock standard ( see below ).

The metric definition of exactly cubic decimetres ( also after the litre was redefined in 1964, ≈ ) was adopted shortly afterwards in Canada, but from 1976 the conventional value of was used in the United Kingdom until the Canadian convention was adopted in 1985.

Moseley redefined the idea of atomic numbers from its previous status as an ad hoc numerical tag to help sorting the elements, in particular in the Periodic Table, into a real and objective whole-number quantity that was experimentally measurable.

Also, the concept of archetype was redefined by the Early Church Fathers in order to better understand that when a person shows veneration toward an image, the intention is rather to honor the person depicted, not the substance of the icon.

Guitarists in the fusion realm fused the post-bop harmonic and melodic language of musicians such as John Coltrane, McCoy Tyner, Ornette Coleman, and Miles Davis with a hard-edged ( and usually very loud ) rock tone created by iconic guitarists such as Cream's Eric Clapton who'd redefined the sound of the guitar for those unfamiliar with the black blues players of Chicago and, before that, the Delta region of the Mississippi upon whom his style was based.

In 1901, at the 3rd CGPM conference, the litre was redefined as the space occupied by 1 kg of pure water at the temperature of its maximum density ( 3. 98 ° C ) under a pressure of 1 atm.

This definition, however, was inadequate for the precision requirements of modern technology, and the metric kilogram was redefined in terms of a man-made platinum-iridium bar known as the international prototype kilogram.

OS / 360 MFT ( Multitasking with a Fixed number of Tasks ) provided multitasking: several memory partitions, each of a fixed size, were set up when the operating system was installed and when the operator redefined them.

Protestants and Catholics were redefined as equal before the law, and Calvinism was given legal recognition.

Additionally, the southern edge of the Tiergarten was to be redefined, with a new road planned to slice through the built-up area immediately to the north of Columbushaus ( although Columbushaus itself would remain unscathed ); this road would line up with Voßstraße, one block to the north of Leipziger Platz.

In 1956, the second was redefined in terms of a year ( the period of the Earth's revolution around the Sun ) for a particular epoch because, by then, it had become recognized that the Earth's rotation on its own axis was not sufficiently uniform as a standard of time.

Andy Warhol ( August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987 ) was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art.

He was a pioneer in computer-generated art using Amiga computers that were introduced in 1985, just before his death in 1987.

Tales of Mystery and Imagination was first remixed in 1987 for release on CD, and included narration by Orson Welles which had been recorded in 1975, but arrived too late to be included on the original album.

The outcome was a decision by the 14th International Botanical Congress in 1987 that Amaryllis should be a conserved name ( i. e. correct regardless of priority ) and ultimately based on a specimen of the South African Amaryllis belladonna from the Clifford Herbarium at the British Museum.

The best selling model, the Amiga 500, was introduced in 1987 and became the leading home computer of the late 1980s and early 1990s in much of Western Europe.

By 1987 Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year Apple introduced EtherTalk 1. 0 for the newly released Macintosh II computer.

By 1987 a comprehensive survey of the phylum was completed: in all, 4516 species and 339 genera had been named.

In 1987, that company was renamed to Aon, a Gaelic word meaning oneness.

She is a Privy Councillor and was the Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1987 to 1997 and for Maidstone and The Weald from 1997 to 2010.

She was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1987 general election as member for the constituency of Maidstone ( which became Maidstone and The Weald in 1997 ).

The overall population in 1987 was estimated at about 5, 000.

The common law offence of affray was abolished for England and Wales on 1 April 1987.

* Telecom New Zealand — Operated an AMPS / TDMA network in New Zealand from 1987 until 2007 throughout the whole country and the network was renowned for its superb coverage, In 2000 Telecom announced that they would discontinue the AMPS network within 5 years ( 2005 ) to give customers an opportunity to transition to the CDMA2000 and later 1XRTT technologies that replaced it.

A book of Lerner's lyrics entitled A Hymn To Him, edited by British writer Benny Green, was published in 1987.

The most recent case was in early 1987, which was the most severe winter in Scandinavia since that date.

In 1987, there was media speculation Clinton would enter the race after then-New York Governor Mario Cuomo declined to run and Democratic front-runner Gary Hart withdrew owing to revelations of marital infidelity.

The Amiga Skyline BBS software was the first in 1987 featuring a script markup language communication protocol called Skypix which was capable to give the user a complete graphical interface, featuring rich graphic content, changeable fonts, mouse-controlled actions, animations and sound.

The duo named themselves Gemini, and a second album with more music by Björn and Benny was released in April 1987, containing the big hit " Mio My Mio "; also to be found on the soundtrack to the film Mio in the Land of Faraway, for which Andersson co-produced the music.

DJ Scott La Rock was murdered on August 27, 1987, months after the release of BDP's debut album, Criminal Minded.

The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987, 40 years after Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line.

Turbo C was released on May 18, 1987 and an estimated 100, 000 copies were shipped in the first month of its release.

One of the other songs from the project called " European Boy " was recorded in 1987 by disco group Splash.

In 2010, a subclade of Apiidae named Dipsapiidae was defined to consist of the three orders Apiales, Paracryphiales, and Dipsacales.

During Sachet's visit in 1958, Clipperton's vegetation was found to consist of a sparse cover of spiny grass and low thickets, a creeping plant ( Ipomoea sp.

Fossils may also consist of the marks left behind by the organism while it was alive, such as the footprint or feces ( coprolites ) of a reptile.

experiment was the first to demonstrate that codons consist of three DNA bases.

All of these men found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia, which was previously thought to consist entirely of ytterbium.

Aristotle's metaphysics traditionally was seen to consist of three parts: ontology, natural theology and universal science.

A first Constitution of Monaco was adopted in 1911 and a new one, awarded by Prince Rainier III on December 17, 1962, outlines legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government, which consist of several administrative offices and a number of councils.

Sound change can consist of the replacement of one speech sound ( or, more generally, one phonetic feature ) by another, the complete loss of the affected sound, or even the introduction of a new sound in a place where there previously was none.

In 1949, he was first to propose that a total war in the nuclear age would consist of delivering the entire nuclear arsenal in a single overwhelming blow, going as far as " killing a nation ".

Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council was to consist of an equal number of United Nations Member States administering trust territories and non-administering states.

Thus, the Council was to consist of ( 1 ) all U. N. members administering trust territories, ( 2 ) the five permanent members of the Security Council, and ( 3 ) as many other non-administering members as needed to equalize the number of administering and non-administering members, elected by the United Nations General Assembly for renewable three-year terms.

The idea of duality originated in a debate over the nature of light and matter that dates back to the 17th century, when competing theories of light were proposed by Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton: light was thought either to consist of waves ( Huygens ) or of particles ( Newton ).

Electricity, first thought to be a fluid, was now understood to consist of particles called electrons.

In the one, incidents and agents were to be, in part at least, supernatural, and the excellence aimed at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real.

After a decade of effort, the consensus was that these processes are unlikely, and the standard explanation now used for the abundance of deuterium is that the universe does not consist mostly of baryons, and that non-baryonic matter ( also known as dark matter ) makes up most of the matter mass of the universe.

These Giudicati consist of four independent kingdoms in which Sardinia was divided at that time.

The editions are undated ( dates can be established only by close bibliographic analysis ) do not name the printer and consist of only one bifolium per partbook to aid concealment, all signs of secrecy: reminders that the possession of heterodox books was still highly dangerous.

During Rosenkreuz's lifetime, the Order was said to consist of no more than eight members, each a doctor and a sworn bachelor.

The unit was to consist of 50 men, most of them former Tzanhanim and Unit 30 personnel.

Altria was created because Philip Morris wished to emphasize that its business portfolio had come to consist of more than Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International ; at the time, it owned an 84 % stake in Kraft,

The judiciary was to consist of two courts of justice, one serving Demerara and the other Essequibo.

In July 2002, using Raman spectroscopy, the presence of significant quantities of anatase in the map ink was confirmed by British researchers Katherine Brown and Robin Clark, and the remaining traces of black pigment in the ink were found to consist essentially of soot-type carbon.

He was given the task of setting up the Styrian Battalion ( Štajerski bataljon ), which would consist of the partisan troops, the Revirje and the Savinja companies ( Revirske in Savinjske čete ), which were active in Styria in the autumn of 1941.

Fluency in multiple languages was a valuable skill for a captain, given that it was not uncommon for armies to consist of a majority of foreign nationals.