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Italian and Renaissance
Before losing itself in the sands of the 19th Century, the grand stream of Italian Renaissance architectural decoration made a last appearance in the Brumidi frescos of the Capitol Rotunda in Washington.
Some of the ideas of the Italian Renaissance did spread to other parts of Europe, for example to the German artist Albrecht Dürer of the ' Northern Renaissance '.
Category: Italian Renaissance
Quintilian seems to refer to this work under Anaximenes ' name in Institutio Oratoria 3. 4. 9, as the Italian Renaissance philologist Piero Vettori first recognized.
Category: Italian Renaissance humanists
" The English Renaissance was, he said, " like the Italian Renaissance before it, a sort of rebirth of the spirit of man ".
One of the first great autobiographies of the Renaissance is that of the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini ( 1500 – 1571 ), written between 1556 and 1558, and entitled by him simply Vita ( Italian: Life ).
Dürer's introduction of classical motifs into Northern art, through his knowledge of Italian artists and German humanists, has secured his reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance.
In 1496 he executed the Prodigal Son, which the Italian Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari singled out for praise some decades later, noting its Germanic quality.
Classicizing architectonic structure and decor all ' antica, in the " ancient mode ", became a fashionable way to frame a painted or bas-relief portrait, or protect an expensive and precious mirror during the High Renaissance ; Italian precedents were imitated in France, then in Spain, England and Germany during the later 16th century.
The Colonna family is an Italian noble family ; it was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other Church and political leaders.
In the Renaissance period the Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect ; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry.
* The Italian Renaissance poet Lucrezia Tornabuoni chose Esther as one of biblical figures on which she wrote poetry.
During the Italian Renaissance, for example, translators such as Ficino and Pico della Mirandola turned their attention to the classical literature of Neoplatonism, and what was thought to be the pre-Mosaic tradition of Hermeticism.
Outside the Italian Renaissance, yet another major current of esotericism was initiated by Paracelsus, who combined alchemical and astrological themes ( among others ) into a complex body of doctrines.
In 1608 the Grand Duchy of Tuscany did an expedition to the area in order to create an Italian colony for the commerce of amazonian products to Renaissance Italy, but his sudden death stopped it.
Modern fencing originated in the 18th century, in the Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance, and, under their influence, was improved by the French school of fencing.
Fabritio Caroso da Sermoneta ( 1526 / 1535 – 1605 / 1620 ) was an Italian Renaissance dancing master and a composer or transcriber of dance music.
The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting.
It has also become increasingly clear, thanks to modern analytical techniques, that even in the early Italian Renaissance painters quite frequently employed a secco techniques so as to allow the use of a broader range of pigments.
Italian " High Renaissance "
Fra Angelico ( born Guido di Pietro ; c. 1395 – February 18, 1455 ) was an Early Italian Renaissance painter described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having " a rare and perfect talent ".
Fra Bartolomeo or Fra Bartolommeo ( di Pagholo ) ( March 28, 1472 – October 6, 1517 ), also known as Baccio della Porta, was an Italian Renaissance painter of religious subjects.

Italian and painting
In painting, Dürer had relatively little influence in Italy, where probably only his altarpiece in Venice was seen, and his German successors were less effective in blending German and Italian styles.
A cartoon ( from the Italian " cartone " and Dutch word " karton ", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard ) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or modello for a painting, stained glass or tapestry.
Buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh ( hence the name ) lime mortar or plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster, intonaco, is used.
A secco painting, in contrast, is done on dry plaster ( secco is " dry " in Italian ).
Guilds, Innovation, and the European Economy, 1400 – 1800 ( 2008 ) 360pp essays by scholars covering German and Italian territories, the Netherlands, France, and England ; plus guilds in cloth spinning, painting, glass blowing, goldsmithing, pewterware, book-selling, and clock making.
El Greco, a respected Greek artist from the period, settled in Spain, and infused Spanish art with the styles of the Italian renaissance and helped create a uniquely Spanish style of painting.
The term is derived from the wider senses of the word historia in Latin and Italian, and essentially means " story painting ", rather than the painting of scenes from history in its narrower sense in modern English, for which the term historical painting may be used, especially for 19th century art.
It comes to the fore in Italian Renaissance painting, where a series of increasingly ambitious works were produced, many still religious, but several, especially in Florence, which did actually feature near-contemporary historical scenes such as the set of three huge canvases on The Battle of San Romano by Paolo Uccello, the abortive Battle of Cascina by Michelangelo and the Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo da Vinci, neither of which were completed.
Impressionism emerged in France at the same time that a number of other painters, including the Italian artists known as the Macchiaioli, and Winslow Homer in the United States, were also exploring plein-air painting.
* Italian Renaissance painting
A fresco painting, from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco (" fresh "), describes a method in which the paint is applied on plaster on walls or ceilings.
Fresco-secco painting is done on dry plaster ( secco is " dry " in Italian ).
As in painting, early Italian Mannerist sculpture was very largely an attempt to find an original style that would top the achievement of the High Renaissance, which in sculpture essentially meant Michelangelo, and much of the struggle to achieve this was played out in commissions to fill other places in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, next to Michelangelo's David.
The Conversion of Saint Paul, a 1600 painting by Italian artist Caravaggio ( 1571 – 1610 )
He transformed the direction of Italian painting, moving it away from the idealizations of Gothic art, and, for the first time, presenting it as part of a more profound, natural, and humanist world.
Early Italian tenor viola da gamba, detail from the painting St. Cecilia, by Raphael, c. 1510.
See links above for Italian Renaissance painting and Renaissance sculpture.
" Gesso ", also known " glue gesso " or " Italian gesso " is a traditional mix of an animal glue binder ( usually rabbit-skin glue ), chalk, and white pigment, used to coat rigid surfaces such as wooden painting panels as an absorbent primer coat substrate for painting.
Peruggia was an Italian patriot who believed Leonardo's painting should be returned to Italy for display in an Italian museum.
Though his first Italian visit is recognized as a crucial chapter in the development of Velázquez's style – and in the history of Spanish Royal Patronage, since Philip IV sponsored his trip – we know rather little about the details and specifics: what the painter saw, whom he met, how he was perceived and what innovations he hoped to introduce into his painting.

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