* 2002 – Ivan Illich, Austrian priest and philosopher ( b. 1926 )

In his paper Hospitality and Pain, Christian theologian Ivan Illich states: " Compassion with Christ ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain.

Colin Ward in his main theorectical publication Anarchy in Action ( 1973 ) in a chapter called " Schools No Longer " " discusses the genealogy of education and schooling, in particular examining the writings of Everett Reimer and Ivan Illich, and the beliefs of anarchist educator Paul Goodman.

He draws the same distinction as Ivan Illich, between tools that stay under the control of the user, and technological systems that draw the user into their control.

* Ivan Illich

* Ivan Illich

* Ivan Illich: Tools for Conviviality ( 1973 )

He soon encountered books by other authors questioning the premises and efficacy of compulsory schooling, including Deschooling Society by Ivan Illich ( 1970 ) and No More Public School by Harold Bennet ( 1972 ).

Also during this year, Ivan Illich described computer-based " learning webs " in his book Deschooling Society.

Ivan Illich (; Vienna, 4 September 1926 – Bremen, 2 December 2002 ) was an Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and " maverick social critic " of the institutions of contemporary western culture and their effects on the provenance and practice of education, medicine, work, energy use, transportation, and economic development.

Illich was born in Vienna to a Croatian, Catholic father — engineer Ivan Peter Illich and Sephardic Jewish mother — Ellen née Regenstreif-Ortlieb.

The book that brought Ivan Illich to public attention was Deschooling Society ( 1971 ), a radical critical discourse on education as practised in " modern " economies.

: The main notion of Ivan Illich is the concept of counterproductivity: when institutions of modern industrial society impede their purported aims.

For example, Ivan Illich calculated that, in America in the 1970s, if you add the time spent to work to earn the money to buy a car, the time spent in the car ( including traffic jam ), the time spent in the health care industry because of a car crash, the time spent in the oil industry to fuel cars ... etc., and you divide the number of kilometres traveled per year by that, you obtain the following calculation: 10000 km per year per person divided by 1600 hours per year per American equals 6 km per hour.

* Ivan Illich Archives

* Ivan Illich with Jerry Brown, KPFA-March 22, 1996

* American Educational Research Association Ivan Illich Special Interest Group website

*" Remembering Ivan Illich " Whole Earth Magazine, Spring 2003

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According to historian Tibor Ivan Berend, dirigisme was an inherent aspect of fascist economies.

* Ivan Petrovich Kornilov ( 1811-1901 ), Russian historian and educator

According to historian Robert Nisbet Bain, it was one of Elizabeth ’ s “ chief glories that, so far as she was able, she put a stop to that mischievous contention of rival ambitions at Court, which had disgraced the reigns of Peter II, Anne and Ivan VI, and enabled foreign powers to freely interfere in the domestic affairs of Russia .” She was also deeply religious, passing several pieces of legislation that undid much of the work her father had done to limit the power of the church.

According to the Russian historian Kluchevsky, the rise of Moscow under Ivan I Kalita was determined by three factors.

Among the major writers of the period were Guo Moruo ( 郭沫若 ) ( 1892 – 1978 ), a poet, historian, essayist, and critic ; Mao Dun ( 茅盾 ) ( 1896 – 1981 ), the first of the novelists to emerge from the " League of Left-Wing Writers " and one whose work reflected the revolutionary struggle and disillusionment of the late 1920s ; satirist and novelist Lao She ( 老舍 ) ( 1899 – 1966 ); and Ba Jin ( 巴金 ) ( 1904 – 2005 ), a novelist whose work was influenced by Ivan Turgenev and other Russian writers.

The Byzantine historian from 13th century Theodor Scutariota named Kaloyan " the Bulgarian Ioan " or " Bulgarian basileus " and wrote about " Bulgarians ", " Bulgarian land ", " Bulgarian matters "; also he defined Ivan Asen I as " tsar of the Bulgarians ".

The academic tradition of interpretation of the wide use of the name " Vlachs " in this particular case as nothing more than a transient substitution and confusion of several medieval authors was affirmed in the second half of the 19th century by the Czech historian Konstantin Josef Jireček in his " History of the Bulgarians ", first published in 1876, in which he ignored the idea of significant ethnic Vlach participation in these processes, and is supported by the contemporary Bulgarian medievalist and researcher of the Asens Ivan Bozhilov.

By his second wife, the daughter of the influential noble George Sursuvul, he had three sons: Peter, who succeeded as Emperor of Bulgaria in 927 and ruled until 969 ; Ivan, who rebelled against Peter in 928 and then fled to Byzantium ; and Benjamin ( Bajan ), who, according to Lombard historian Liutprand of Cremona, " possessed the power to transform himself suddenly into a wolf or other strange animal ".

Renowned historian Ivan Kukuljević-Sakcinski claimed that the site was occupied by the Romans and was known under the name of Helicanum.

* Ivan Krasovs ' kyi, Lemko ethnographer / historian

Notables are Wendy Richardson OAM ( playwright ), Ivan and Patricia Englund ( both renowned potters ) and John Leo McNamara OAM ( poet and historian ), Fred Moore ( miner and activist ).

However, historian Sergei Fyodorovich Platonov argued that Ivan IV intended the oprichnina as a suppression of the rising boyar aristocracy.

Its authenticity was reasserted by historian Ivan Belyayev in 1863.

Among the major writers of the period were Guo Moruo ( 1892 – 1978 ), a poet, historian, essayist, and critic ; Mao Dun ( 1896 – 1981 ), the first of the novelists to emerge from the League of Left-Wing Writers and one whose work reflected the revolutionary struggle and disillusionment of the late 1920s ; and Ba Jin ( 1904 – 2005 ), a novelist whose work was influenced by Ivan Turgenev and other Russian writers.

According to Lithuanian historian Genutė Kirkienė, the first reliable mention of Ivan was on 6 June 1459 when he witnessed a treaty.

Unlike his predecessors Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Dmytro Doroshenko, and Ivan Krypiakevych, who wrote national histories or histories of the Ukrainian people, Pritsak followed the Ukrainian historian of Polish background, Viacheslav Lypynsky, in proposing the ideal of writing a " territorialist " history of Ukraine which would include the Polish, Turkic, and other peoples that have inhabited the country from ancient times.

A later Byzantine historian claimed that the duel was fair and Pegonites stabbed Ivan Vladislav in the chest with his spear, killing him instantly.

Living more than one hundred years after Ivan Vladislav, the historian known as the Priest of Duklja, who wrote from a Dukljan perspective, was outraged by the murder of Jovan Vladimir, and wrote that after the Tsar died, he was " forever connected with the angels of Satan ".

He cites a Byzantine historian who claimed that during Ivan Vladislav's reign the Byzantine state " hanged in the balance, because that barbarian like Goliath resisted the Romans and they were all despaired by that invincible foe.

" The Polish historian Kazimierz Zakrzewski also writes with sympathy for the last ruler of the First Empire, in light of the fact that Ivan Vladislav managed to sustain a guerilla war which he skilfully run until his death.

Polish historian Jan Długosz asserts that Ivan of Karachev, first husband of Juliana, was murdered by Vytautas in order to marry her.

Czech art historian and cultural critic Ivan Jirous became their manager / artistic director in the following year, fulfilling a role similar to the one Andy Warhol had with the Velvet Underground.

The Latin version of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, known as " Gesta regum Sclavorum ", was translated by Croat-Latin historian Ioannes Lucius ( Ivan Lučić, the father of Croatian historiography ) in 1666 and printed under the name " De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae " (" On the Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia ".

Some scholars link him to the stolnik Slav from a later ring inscription unearthed in Tarnovo, but this identification does not have a solid based according to historian Ivan Bozhilov.