*-( a ) n ( countries / continents: Africa → African, Albania → Albanian, Algeria → Algerian, America → American, Andorra → Andorran, Angola → Angolan, Antigua → Antiguan, Armenia → Armenian, Asia → Asian, Australia → Australian, Austria → Austrian, Barbados → Bajan, Bolivia → Bolivian, Bosnia → Bosnian, Brunei → Bruneian, Bulgaria → Bulgarian, Cambodia → Cambodian, Chile → Chilean, Colombia → Colombian, Costa Rica → Costa Rican, Croatia → Croatian ( also " Croat "), Cuba → Cuban, Dalmatia → Dalmatian, El Salvador → Salvadoran, Eritrea → Eritrean, Estonia → Estonian, Ethiopia → Ethiopian, Europe → European, Equestria → Equestrian, Fiji → Fijian, Gambia → Gambian, Georgia → Georgian, Germany → German, Guatemala → Guatemalan, Guinea → Guinean, Haiti → Haitian, Honduras → Honduran, Hungary → Hungarian, India → Indian, Indonesia → Indonesian, Italy → Italian, Jamaica → Jamaican, Kenya → Kenyan, / South Korea → / South Korean, Latvia → Latvian, Liberia → Liberian, Libya → Libyan, Lithuania → Lithuanian, Macedonia → Macedonian, Malawi → Malawian, Malaysia → Malaysian, Mali → Malian, Mauritania → Mauritanian, Mauritius → Mauritian, Mexico → Mexican, Micronesia → Micronesian, Moldova → Moldovan, Mongolia → Mongolian, Morocco → Moroccan, Mozambique → Mozambican, Namibia → Namibian, Nauru → Nauruan, Nicaragua → Nicaraguan, Nigeria → Nigerian, Palau → Palauan, Paraguay → Paraguayan, Puerto Rico → Puerto Rican, Romania → Romanian, Russia → Russian, Saint Lucia → Saint Lucian, Samoa → Samoan, Saudi Arabia → Saudi Arabian, Serbia → Serbian ( also " Serb "), Singapore → Singaporean, Slovakia → Slovakian, Slovenia → Slovenian ( also " Slovene "), South Africa → South African, Sri Lanka → Sri Lankan, Syria → Syrian, Tanzania → Tanzanian, Tonga → Tongan, Tunisia → Tunisian, Tuvalu → Tuvaluan, Uganda → Ugandan, United States of America → American, Uruguay → Uruguayan, Venezuela → Venezuelan, Zambia → Zambian, Zimbabwe → Zimbabwean ; cities / states: Alaska → Alaskan, Alexandria → Alexandrian, Andalusia → Andalusian, Arizona → Arizonan, Atlanta → Atlantan, Baltimore → Baltimorean, Bavaria → Bavarian, Bohemia → Bohemian, California → Californian, Catalonia → Catalan, Chicago → Chicagoan, Cincinnati → Cincinnatian, Corsica → Corsican, Crete → Cretan, El Paso → El Pasoan, Galicia → Galician, Hanoi ( Vietnam ) → Hanoian, Hawaii → Hawaiian, Iowa → Iowan, Karelia → Karelian, Kiev → Kievan, Madeira → Madeiran, Miami → Miamian, Minneapolis → Minneapolitan, Minnesota → Minnesotan, Moravia → Moravian, Nebraska → Nebraskan, Nova Scotia → Nova Scotian, Ottawa → Ottawan, Pennsylvania → Pennsylvanian, Philadelphia → Philadelphian, Pomerania → Pomeranian, Regina → Reginan, Riga → Rigan, Rome → Roman, San Antonio → San Antonian, San Diego → San Diegan, San Francisco → San Franciscan, San Jose → San Josean, Sardinia → Sardinian, Silesia → Silesian, Sicily → Sicilian, Sofia → Sofian, Sumatra → Sumatran, Tahiti → Tahitian, Tasmania → Tasmanian, Transylvania → Transylvanian, Tucson → Tucsonan, Tulsa → Tulsan, Utah → Utahn, Victoria → Victorian, Wallachia → Wallachian )

* Busy Signal, or Reanno Gordon, a dancehall singer from St Ann's Bay Jamaica

As a result of the strong anti-homosexual culture in Jamaica, many reggae and dancehall artists, such as Buju Banton, Elephant Man, Sizzla, have published song lyrics advocating violence against homosexuals.

While roots reggae was largely overtaken in popularity in Jamaica by dancehall, several artists from the original era, such as Culture, Burning Spear, and Israel Vibration continued to produce roots reggae and artists like Beres Hammond and Freddie McGregor continued the use of roots reggae, as a musical style and thematically, through the 1980s.

Highly influenced by Jamaican dancehall music and recorded primarily in Jamaica, the band's 2001 studio album, Rock Steady, produced two hit Grammy-winning singles, " Hey Baby ", which featured Bounty Killer, and " Underneath It All ", which featured the first lady of dancehall, Lady Saw.

Yellowman ( born Winston Foster, 15 January 1956, Kingston, Jamaica ) is a Jamaican reggae ( rub-a-dub ) and dancehall deejay, widely known as King Yellowman.

In 1981, after becoming significantly popular throughout Jamaica, Yellowman became the first dancehall artist to be signed to a major American label ( Columbia Records ).

The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres, such as mento, ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub music, dancehall, rocksteady, ska jazz, reggae fusion and related styles.

During the 1980s, the most popular music styles in Jamaica were dancehall and ragga.

However, despite the many growing rock and electronic music scenes, commercial pop music from the United States and England, and modern dancehall artists from Jamaica ( Vybz Kartel, Mavado ) still remain the most popular forms of music among young Belizeans.

Reggae known as “ the heartbeat of Jamaica .” This genre consists of everything from dancehall, ska, and dub.

Elephant Man, also known as the Energy God ( born O ' Neil Bryan ; 11 September 1975 ; Kingston, Jamaica ) is a dancehall musician.

Studio One was involved with most of the major music movements in Jamaica during the 1960s and 1970s, including ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub and dancehall.

Diana King ( born 8 November 1970, Spanish Town, Jamaica ) is a reggae fusion singer-songwriter who specifically performed a mixture and fusion of R & B, reggae and dancehall.

It is also used to describe artists who frequently switch between the dancehall and reggae genres and other genres, mainly rap and r & b. It first became popular in the late 1990s and originated in Jamaica, North America and Europe.

Shabba Ranks ( born Rexton Rawlston Fernando Gordon ; January 17, 1966, Sturgetown, St. Ann, Jamaica ) is a Jamaican dancehall musician.

Ranks gained his fame mainly by toasting ( or rapping ) rather than singing, similarly to his dancehall contemporaries in Jamaica.

The group relocated to New York in 1982 to seek professional health care, and escape the growing dancehall movement in Jamaica, but struggled to break through there and they split up.

Clarks shoes are popular in Jamaica — thanks to Jamaican dancehall artist Vybz Kartel.

The rude boy culture originated in the ghettos of Jamaica, coinciding with the popular rise of rocksteady music, dancehall celebrations and sound system dances.

He signed with Penthouse Records in 1990 and returned to Jamaica permanently to record the dancehall smash " Tempted to Touch ", with producer Donovan Germain.

After landing a deal with Downtown Records before even recording a note of music, Diplo & Switch set out for Jamaica to record a project that, like most of Diplo ’ s projects before it, would highlight the little-known subgenres, this time of Jamaica ’ s dancehall scene.

Artists such as Samini combine reggae / dancehall / ragga scat and Jamaican Patois-tinged sounds of Jamaica with Akan language lyrics over reggae rhythms fused with Akan melodies.

* Cham ( singer ) ( born 1977 ), Jamaica reggae artist known for the single " Ghetto Story "

He was the first white recording artist to have a reggae hit in Jamaica, and the BBC has banned more of his songs than any other recording artist due to his frequent use of sexual innuendo and double entendres.

He was the first white recording artist to have a reggae hit in Jamaica, leading him to travel to Jamaica to perform live, where many were surprised that he was white.

Dan Flavin ( April 1, 1933, Jamaica, New York – November 29, 1996, Riverhead, New York ) was an American minimalist artist famous for creating sculptural objects and installations from commercially available fluorescent light fixtures.

While other artists, such as Snoop Dogg, don a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey because of its resemblance to cannabis, " in the video for his single Anything For You, shot on location in Jamaica, the white Canadian reggae artist Snow is seen wearing the same jersey ( Maple Leafs ), perhaps in an attempt to proclaim his Canadian roots among the all black cast of this video ".

Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was born in Bloomsbury, London on 8 February 1807, the son of Thomas Hawkins, an artist, and Louisa Anne Waterhouse, the daughter of a Jamaica plantation family of apparent Catholic sympathies.

Cox at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. Renée Cox ( born 1960 in Jamaica ) is a Jamaican-American artist, photographer, political activist and curator.

He was a popular artist in Jamaica for four decades and is also known for his work tutoring younger musicians including The Wailers and Jimmy Cliff.

As a photographer and artist Caesar has worked in Spain, India, South America and Sweden and Denmark, South Africa, Albania and Jamaica.

" When the band was working on the album in Jamaica, producers Sly & Robbie called dancehall artist Lady Saw to have her contribute a guest toast.

* November 25, 2006 – Four NYPD officers fire a combined 50 shots at a group of unarmed men in Jamaica, Queens wounding two and killing 23-year old Sean Bell.

Dwight Sean Jones ( born February 19, 1962 in Kingston, Jamaica ) is a former American football defensive end, who played for the Los Angeles Raiders ( 1984-1987 ), Houston Oilers ( 1988-1993 ), and the Green Bay Packers ( 1994-1996 ).

*# First Round — Defeated Sean Black ( Jamaica ), 13-7

Patterson's father and grandfather played parish level cricket in Jamaica and Patterson showed ability from an early age and made his debut for Jamaica in 1983.

It was built mainly to satisfy public demand for creation of a grade-separated right of way for the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad ( later Long Island Rail Road ) on its way to the South Ferry at the foot of Atlantic Street ( later Atlantic Avenue ), where passengers could catch ferries to Manhattan.

King was a major shareholder in the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad ( later the Long Island Rail Road ) and therefore had a conflict of interest and stood to benefit by the compensation payments to the railroad from the tax assessment.

The 18th-century author Charles Johnson claimed that Teach was for some time a sailor operating from Jamaica on privateer ships during Queen Anne's War, and that " he had often distinguished himself for his uncommon boldness and personal courage ".

Other gender-free dance groups started up in the area after that, and in 1989, at the gender-free dance group in Jamaica Plain, MA, a group of dancers led by Janet Dillon protested the use of these terms, and the armband system was devised: the traditionally male-role dancers would wear armbands and be called " armbands " or just " bands ," and the traditionally female-role dancers would be called " bare arms " or just " bares.

From 1670, the Cayman Islands were effective dependencies of Jamaica, although there was considerable self-government.

However, records from the colonial era indicate that Cayman Islands, then a dependency of Jamaica, was not tax-exempt during the period that followed.

An introduction to Jamaica was made in 1844 in an attempt to reduce the rat population.

While it was able to establish itself on some islands, such as Barbados, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, other introductions, such as in Cuba before 1900 and in 1946, and on the islands of Dominica and Grand Cayman, were unsuccessful.

In 1689, noted physician and collector Hans Sloane developed a milk chocolate drink in Jamaica which was initially used by apothecaries, but later sold to the Cadbury brothers in 1897.

The other possibility was a CDU-FDP-Green coalition, known as a " Jamaica coalition " because of the colours of the three parties.

His great-grandfather Charles Blair was a wealthy country gentleman in Dorset who married Lady Mary Fane, daughter of Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland, and had income as an absentee landlord of slave plantations in Jamaica.

His assessment was based on a large sample of glossolalia recorded in public and private Christian meetings in Italy, The Netherlands, Jamaica, Canada and the USA over the course of five years ; his wide range included the Puerto Ricans of the Bronx, the Snake Handlers of the Appalachians, and Russian Molokan in Los Angeles.

The base was also an important intermediate distribution point for World War II merchant shipping convoys from New York City and Key West, Florida, to the Panama Canal and the islands of Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Trinidad & Tobago.

After a stay in Jamaica, Fox's first landfall on the North American continent was at Maryland, where he participated in a four-day meeting of local Quakers.

The International Seabed Authority ( ISA ) (, ) is an intergovernmental body based in Kingston, Jamaica, that was established to organize and control all mineral-related activities in the international seabed area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, an area underlying most of the world ’ s oceans.

Jamaica, the third largest Caribbean island, was inhabited by Arawak natives when it was first sighted by the second voyage of Christopher Columbus on 5 May 1494.

Columbus himself was stranded on Jamaica from 1503 to 1504 during his fourth voyage.

In 1655 Jamaica was conquered by the English, although the Spanish did not relinquish their claim to the island until 1670.

This settlement served as the capital of both Spanish and English Jamaica from its foundation in 1534 until 1872 after which the capital was moved to Kingston.

Spanish Jamaica was subject to many privateer attacks, before the final conquest of the island by the English in 1655.

Its main rival, the Jamaica Labour Party ( JLP ) was established five years later.

The first prime minister was Alexander Bustamante of the Jamaica Labour Party.

The first recorded hurricane to hit Jamaica was in 1519.

During two of the coldest periods in the last 250 years ( 1780s and 1810s ), the frequency of hurricanes in the Jamaica region was unusually high.