Seven Founders -- George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay -- determined the destinies of the new nation.

During the greater part of Jefferson's career he enjoyed the close collaboration of a fellow Virginian, James Madison, eight years his junior.

I was interested in James Webb Young's Madison Avenue column in which he raised the question: `` Do We Need a College of Propaganda ''??

Opposition to them resulted in the highly controversial Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson and James Madison also secretly drafted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions denouncing the federal legislation, though state legislatures rejected these resolutions.

Though the resolutions followed the " interposition " approach of James Madison, Jefferson advocated nullification and at one point drafted a threat for Kentucky to secede.

Computer laboratory, Moody Hall, James Madison University, 2003

" For example, James Madison argued for a constitutional republic with protections for individual liberty over a pure democracy, reasoning that, in a pure democracy, a " common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole ... and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party ...."

In 1787, James Madison wrote Thomas Jefferson in France for background information on constitutional government to use at the Constitutional Convention.

These include James Madison, possibly Alexander Hamilton, Ethan Allen,

As a Democratic-Republican he was selected as the fifth Vice President of the United States ( 1813 – 1814 ), serving under James Madison, until his death a year and a half into his term.

In " Federalist No. 46 ," James Madison asserted that the states and national government " are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers.

Modern sociology largely originated from this movement and Hume's philosophical concepts that directly influenced James Madison ( and thus the U. S. Constitution ) and when popularised by Dugald Stewart, would be the basis of classical liberalism.

Hefner then began to move an ever-changing coterie of young women into the mansion, even dating up to seven girls at once, among them, Brande Roderick, Izabella St. James, Tina Marie Jordan, Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt, and Kendra Wilkinson.

President James Madison appointed Adams as the first ever United States Minister to Russia in 1809 ( though Francis Dana and William Short had previously been nominated to the post, neither presented his credentials at Saint Petersburg ).

* 1812 – War of 1812: U. S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

* 1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the House of Representatives ; by 1791, ten of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights ; another is eventually ratified in 1992 to become the 27th Amendment.

James Madison, Jr. ( March 16, 1751 ( O. S.

James Madison, Jr. was born at Belle Grove Plantation near Port Conway, Virginia on March 16, 1751, ( March 5, 1751, Old Style, Julian calendar ), where his mother had returned to her parents ' home to give birth.

His father, James Madison, Sr. ( 1723 – 1801 ), was a tobacco planter who grew up on a plantation, then called Mount Pleasant, in Orange County, Virginia, which he had inherited upon reaching adulthood.

James Jr's mother, Nelly Conway Madison ( 1731 – 1829 ), was born at Port Conway, the daughter of a prominent planter and tobacco merchant and his wife.

In 1777 Madison's cousin, the Right Reverend James Madison ( 1749 – 1812 ), became president of The College of William & Mary.

Though the Virginia Plan was an outline rather than a draft of a possible constitution, and though it was extensively changed during the debate ( especially by John Rutledge and James Wilson in the Committee of Detail ), its use at the convention led many to call Madison the " Father of the Constitution ".

On September 15, 1794, James Madison married Dolley Payne Todd, a young widow, at Harewood, in what is now Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Randolph attempted to block Madison's nomination by running James Monroe ; thus gaining the support of Federalists, since Madison was considered Jefferson's staunch political ally.

The scene carries deep significance: King James, on the throne when Macbeth was written, was believed to be separated from Banquo by nine generations.

It is often referred to as Chaplin's finest accomplishment, and film critic James Agee believed the closing scene to be " the greatest piece of acting and the highest moment in movies ".

It has been believed that this was also why Peirce used " Santiago " (" St. James " in Spanish ) as a middle name, but he appeared in print as early as 1890 as Charles Santiago Peirce.

Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, although advocates of laissez-faire, non-intervention in foreign affairs, and individual liberty, believed that social institutions could be rationally redesigned through the principles of Utilitarianism.

William James believed that the varieties of religious experiences should be sought by psychologists, because they represent the closest thing to a microscope of the mind — that is, they show us in drastically enlarged form the normal processes of things.

James Mellaart, who excavated the site, believed that Çatalhöyük was the spiritual center of central Anatolia.

Many people believed he, and other Jeffersonians such as James Madison, were being hypocritical by doing something they surely would have argued against with Alexander Hamilton.

" When James Bruce visited the area in the later 18th century, he noted that the locals counted 45 inhabited islands, but stated he believed that " the number may be about eleven.

As the play appears to celebrate King James's ancestors and the Stuart accession to the throne in 1603 ( James believed himself to be descended from Banquo ), scholars say that the play is unlikely to have been composed earlier than 1603 and suggest that the parade of eight kings — which the witches show Macbeth in a vision in Act IV — is a compliment to King James.

For example, many 18th-and 19th-century scholars, including Samuel Johnson, Lewis Theobald, George Steevens, Edmond Malone, and James Halliwell-Phillipps, placed the composition of Henry VIII prior to 1604, as they believed Elizabeth's execution of Mary, Queen of Scots ( the then king James I's mother ) made any vigorous defence of the Tudors politically inappropriate in the England of James I. Oxfordians cite these sources to place the composition of the play within Oxford's lifetime.

The Whigs, who believed in limited monarchy, wanted to exclude James Stuart from succeeding to the throne because he was a Catholic.

The Tories, who believed in the " Divine Right of Kings ", defended James ' hereditary claim.

Some anthropologists, such as Sir Edward Burnett Tylor and Sir James George Frazer, believed that the earliest intelligent modern humans practiced something that we would recognize today as prayer.

His study of letter-pair frequency by educator Amos Densmore, brother of the financial backer James Densmore, is believed to have influenced the arrangement of letters, but called in question.

It is believed the home is for his niece, who is studying at James Cook University.

Under Secretary of State James E. Webb noted in a report, " It is generally believed that those who engage in overt acts of perversion lack the emotional stability of normal persons.

Harding and Secretary of Labor James Davis believed that enforcement had to be humane.

James Jesus Angleton, head of CIA counter-intelligence, believed that the organization had been penetrated by a mole at the highest levels.

Following Sean Connery's announcement that he would not play James Bond again, Eastwood was offered the role but turned it down because he believed the character should be played by an English actor.

The Last Lecture author Randy Pausch believed he became a better teacher, colleague, and husband because he watched Kirk run the Enterprise ; Pausch wrote that " for ambitious boys with a scientific bent, there could be no greater role model than James T. Kirk ".

The other option is extreme shock ; in the TOS episode " Amok Time ", Spock believed he had killed James T. Kirk, his " best friend ", thus providing sufficient shock to nullify the effects of pon farr.

Another argument came from James Madison, who believed Congress had not received the power to incorporate a bank, or any other governmental agency.