Seven Founders -- George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay -- determined the destinies of the new nation.

During the greater part of Jefferson's career he enjoyed the close collaboration of a fellow Virginian, James Madison, eight years his junior.

I was interested in James Webb Young's Madison Avenue column in which he raised the question: `` Do We Need a College of Propaganda ''??

Opposition to them resulted in the highly controversial Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson and James Madison also secretly drafted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions denouncing the federal legislation, though state legislatures rejected these resolutions.

Though the resolutions followed the " interposition " approach of James Madison, Jefferson advocated nullification and at one point drafted a threat for Kentucky to secede.

Computer laboratory, Moody Hall, James Madison University, 2003

" For example, James Madison argued for a constitutional republic with protections for individual liberty over a pure democracy, reasoning that, in a pure democracy, a " common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole ... and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party ...."

In 1787, James Madison wrote Thomas Jefferson in France for background information on constitutional government to use at the Constitutional Convention.

These include James Madison, possibly Alexander Hamilton, Ethan Allen,

As a Democratic-Republican he was selected as the fifth Vice President of the United States ( 1813 – 1814 ), serving under James Madison, until his death a year and a half into his term.

In " Federalist No. 46 ," James Madison asserted that the states and national government " are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers.

Modern sociology largely originated from this movement and Hume's philosophical concepts that directly influenced James Madison ( and thus the U. S. Constitution ) and when popularised by Dugald Stewart, would be the basis of classical liberalism.

Hefner then began to move an ever-changing coterie of young women into the mansion, even dating up to seven girls at once, among them, Brande Roderick, Izabella St. James, Tina Marie Jordan, Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt, and Kendra Wilkinson.

President James Madison appointed Adams as the first ever United States Minister to Russia in 1809 ( though Francis Dana and William Short had previously been nominated to the post, neither presented his credentials at Saint Petersburg ).

* 1812 – War of 1812: U. S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

* 1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the House of Representatives ; by 1791, ten of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights ; another is eventually ratified in 1992 to become the 27th Amendment.

James Madison, Jr. ( March 16, 1751 ( O. S.

James Madison, Jr. was born at Belle Grove Plantation near Port Conway, Virginia on March 16, 1751, ( March 5, 1751, Old Style, Julian calendar ), where his mother had returned to her parents ' home to give birth.

His father, James Madison, Sr. ( 1723 – 1801 ), was a tobacco planter who grew up on a plantation, then called Mount Pleasant, in Orange County, Virginia, which he had inherited upon reaching adulthood.

James Jr's mother, Nelly Conway Madison ( 1731 – 1829 ), was born at Port Conway, the daughter of a prominent planter and tobacco merchant and his wife.

In 1777 Madison's cousin, the Right Reverend James Madison ( 1749 – 1812 ), became president of The College of William & Mary.

Though the Virginia Plan was an outline rather than a draft of a possible constitution, and though it was extensively changed during the debate ( especially by John Rutledge and James Wilson in the Committee of Detail ), its use at the convention led many to call Madison the " Father of the Constitution ".

On September 15, 1794, James Madison married Dolley Payne Todd, a young widow, at Harewood, in what is now Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Randolph attempted to block Madison's nomination by running James Monroe ; thus gaining the support of Federalists, since Madison was considered Jefferson's staunch political ally.

Daniel Defoe in the pillory, 1862 line engraving by James Charles Armytage after Eyre Crowe ( painter ) | Eyre Crowe

Paolo Agostino, engraving by James Caldwall.

Elisabeth Pepys in a stipple engraving by James Thomson ( engraver ) | James Thomson, after a 1666 painting ( now destroyed ) by John Hayls.

In 1786, for the first two issues of Columbian Magazine, Philadelphia engraver James Trenchard wrote articles on the obverse ( in September 1786 ) and reverse ( in October 1786 ) of the Great Seal, and each issue included a full-page engraving of his own original version of the discussed side of the seal.

J. Lumsden and Son is a Scottish engraving and publishing firm founded in 1783 by James Lumsden, most known for its short runs of high quality printings of children's books.

He contributed to John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, but his best-known painting is the " Procession of the Canterbury Pilgrims ," also in the National Gallery, the engraving from which, begun by Luigi and continued by Niccolo Schiavonetti and finished by James Heath, was immensely popular.

Thomas Frognall Dibdin, engraving by James Thomson ( engraver ) | James Thomson after Thomas Phillips.

Probably the best known pictorial representation of Accum was an engraving by James Thomson made in July 1820 for the English journal European Magazine.

Southwood Smith, 1844 engraving by James Charles Armytage.

Late 17th century composite engraving by John Savage ( engraver ) | John Savage, and comprising seven portraits of figures of the Plot all of whom were dead by 1685 ( Sir Thomas Armstrong, the Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll | Earl of Argyll, the Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of Essex | Earl of Essex, Henry Cornish, William Russell, Lord Russell, the James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth | Duke of Monmouth, and Algernon Sidney ), with one of Edmund Berry Godfrey, whose unexplained death triggered the Popish Plot allegations against Catholics.

Engraved titlepage of the 1645 edition of James Howell's Epistolae HoElianae Familiar Letters Domestic & Forren, engraving by William Marshall.

* 1817 line engraving of Thomas Bewick after James Ramsay

Mount Washington from the Valley of Conway was purchased by the American Art Union, made into an engraving by James Smillie, and distributed to 13, 000 Art Union subscribers throughout the country.

James Basire, engraving of Mary Carleton as The German Princess with her Suppos'd Husband and Lawyer.

Salter was apprenticed in 1835 to James De Carle Sowerby, and was engaged in drawing and engraving the plates for Sowerby's Mineral Conchology, the Supplement to Sowerby's English Botany, and other natural history works.

Darwin received dozens of photographs of psychiatric patients from Crichton-Browne, but included in the book only one engraving based on these illustrations-sent on 6 June 1870 ( along with Darwin's copy of Duchenne ) ( Darwin Correspondence Project: Letter 7220 )-and this-Figure 19, page 296 ( first edition )-was of a patient ( with erection of her hair ) under the care of Dr James Gilchrist at the Southern Counties Asylum ( Crichton Royal ) in Dumfries.

Sir John Trenchard as Chief Justice of Cheshire, 18th-century engraving by James Watson ( engraver ) | James Watson.

Speak Lord For Thy Servant Hears ( after James Sant ), 1854After the introduction of steel for engraving purposes about the year 1823, Cousins and his contemporaries were compelled to work on it, because the soft copper previously used for mezzotint plates did not yield a sufficient number of fine impressions to enable the method to compete commercially against line engraving, from which much larger editions were obtainable.

Henry George Ward, 1842 engraving by William Henry Mote, after James Holmes ( painter ) | James Holmes.