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Japanese Americans were by far the most widely affected group, as all persons with Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast and southern Arizona.
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Japanese and Americans
* ABCD line, a Japanese term for embargoes placed against Japan by the Americans, British, Chinese and Dutch, as well as other countries.
* 1988 – Japanese American internment: U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $ 20, 000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II.
Corporate choice favoured Datsun, so as to distance the parent factory Nissan ’ s association by Americans with Japanese military manufacture.
" Anything but Quiet: Japanese Americans Reinvent Taiko Drumming.
" Young Japanese Americans Honor Ethnic Roots.
Eventually, EO 9066 cleared the way for the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
The order led to the internment of Japanese Americans or AJAs ( Americans of Japanese Ancestry ); some 120, 000 ethnic Japanese people were held in internment camps for the duration of the war.
In Hawaii, where there were 140, 000 Americans of Japanese Ancestry ( constituting 37 % of the population ), only selected individuals of heightened perceived risk were interned.
The CWRIC was appointed to conduct an official governmental study of Executive Order 9066, related wartime orders, and their impact on Japanese Americans in the West and Alaska Natives in the Pribilof Islands.
In December 1982, the CWRIC issued its findings in Personal Justice Denied, concluding that the incarceration of Japanese Americans had not been justified by military necessity.
This bill only applied to the Japanese Americans.
* 1976 – Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford's Proclamation 4417
In October 1941 Ribbentrop ordered General Ott to start applying pressure on the Japanese to attack the Americans as soon as possible.
On 4 December 1941, the Japanese Ambassador General Hiroshi Ōshima told Ribbentrop that Japan was on the verge of war with the United States, which led to Ribbentrop promising him on behalf of Hitler that Germany would join the war against the Americans.
However, he castigated Japanese leaders who seemed enthralled by the British and the Americans and who spoke in favor of Woodrow Wilson ’ s Fourteen Points and the League of Nations, claiming these countries used idealism as " a mask for their own self-interest.
* 1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
* 1990 – The first all woman expedition to the South Pole ( 3 Americans, 1 Japanese and 12 Russians ) sets off from Antarctica on the 1st leg of a 70 day, 1287 kilometre ski trek.
Japanese and were
Japanese aircraft were strong on maneuverability, American on speed and firepower.
It sounded as if the man were calling him: `` Hey, Japanese hey there, Japanese ''.
I know now why our Japanese friends were surprised when they walked into our bathroom.
On arriving in Tokyo later we were met by Masu who took us immediately to her university, the Japanese Women's University.
Here again it was vacation time and there were many things I could not see, but I was able to visit with a professor who is famous in Japanese circles and be guided through the grounds by his assistant.
If 500 Japanese were ordered to hold a position, we had to kill 495 before it was ours -- and then the last five killed themselves ''.
The Ainus were a primitive people, already living on the island before the principal ancestors of the Japanese came from Southern Asia.
At present the doctor's main concern was in seeing to it that Japanese salvage firms were not permitted to operate on the hulks of warships sunk too close inshore, because the work involved setting off nerve-shattering blasts at all hours.
Four little Japanese waitresses were murdering the English language at the counter -- Yuki Kobayashi happened to be one of them.
Two other Japanese girls were sitting at the tables, both quite pretty and well groomed.
According to Juha Janhunen, the ancestral languages of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese were spoken in a relatively small area comprising present-day North Korea, Southern Manchuria, and Southeastern Mongolia ( Johanson and Robbeets 2010: 2 ).
A variety of social, political and economic reforms were introduced by the Japanese government, in hope of modernising the country in the Western style, and included the annexation of Hokkaido.
Also at this time, the Ainu were granted automatic Japanese citizenship, effectively denying them the status of an indigenous group.
The Ainu were becoming increasingly marginalized on their own land — over a period of only 36 years, the Ainu went from being a relatively isolated group of people to having their land, language, religion and customs assimilated into those of the Japanese.
During this time the Ainu were forced to learn Japanese, required to adopt Japanese names and ordered to cease religious practices such as animal sacrifice and the custom of tattooing.
Intermarriages between Japanese and Ainu were actively promoted by the Ainu to lessen the chances of discrimination against their offspring.
Though the resolution is historically significant, Hideaki Uemura, professor at Keisen University in Tokyo and a specialist in indigenous peoples ' rights, commented that the motion is " weak in the sense of recognizing historical facts " as the Ainu were " forced " to become Japanese in the first place.
The fact that haplogroups N9b and M7a were observed in Hokkaido Jomons bore out the hypothesis that these haplogroups are the ( pre -) Jomon contribution to the modern Japanese mtDNA pool.
The Ainu population, as previously Japanese subjects, were " repatriated " to Japan.
During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.
During the Soviet times, people with Ainu surnames were sent to gulags and labor camps, as they were often mistaken for the Japanese.
During World War II, the ACLU defended Japanese American citizens who were forcibly relocated to internment camps.
Japanese and by
Assuming the lower figure for the big blast and one shot estimated by the Japanese at 10 megatons, a conservative computation is that the 24 announced tests produced a total yield of at least 60 megatons.
Bursting from the lips of a charging cavalry trooper was the last sound heard on this earth by untold numbers of Cheyennes, Sioux and Apaches, Mexican banditos under Pancho Villa, Japanese in the South Pacific, and Chinese and North Korean Communists in Korea.
He cited, as an example, how the American camera industry has been able to meet successfully the competition of Japan despite lower Japanese labor costs, by improving its production know-how and technology.
Field Marshal Slim is more impressed by the courage of Japanese soldiers than he is by the ability of their commanders.
Most of them have been assimilated, but sometimes a man in Miyagi or Akita prefectures is much more hairy than the average Japanese, and occasionally a girl will be strikingly lovely, her coloring warmed and improved by a little of the tawny honey-in-the-sun tint of the invaders from the South.
Three of the four persons present, all foreign students in Tokyo, had been playing a game of judging popular Japanese foods by the In and Out system, an equation in which Zen philosophy was used as the modifier.
Clockwise from upper left: a self-portrait from Vincent van Gogh, an African Chokwe people | Chokwe statue, detail from the The Birth of Venus ( Botticelli ) | Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli and a Japanese Shisa | Shisa lion
The expanded grouping, including Korean and Japanese, came to be known as " Macro-Altaic ", leading to the designation of the smaller grouping as " Micro-Altaic " by retronymy.
Ramsey ( 2004: 340 ) stated that " the genetic relationship between Korean and Japanese, if it in fact exists, is probably more complex and distant than we can imagine on the basis of our present state of knowledge ", a concept later restated by Lee ( 2011 ).
* 1942 – World War II: Battle of Savo Island – Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.
* 1943 – World War II: the Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks.
However, the idea that electrons might revolve around a compact nucleus with definite angular momentum was convincingly argued at least 19 years earlier by Niels Bohr, and the Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka published an orbit-based hypothesis for electronic behavior as early as 1904.
* 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL and the American troops of the 33rd and 37th Infantry Division, United States Army was liberated in Baguio City and they fought against the Japanese forces under by General Tomoyuki Yamashita.
* 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.
* 1942 – World War II: the Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.
A Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned-back by an Allied air attack, losing one destroyer and one transport sunk, and one light cruiser heavily damaged.
Throughout this period Ainu became increasingly dependent on goods imported by Japanese, and suffered from epidemic diseases such as smallpox.
Although the increased contact brought by trade between the Japanese and the Ainu contributed to increased mutual understanding, sometimes it led to conflict, occasionally intensifying into violent Ainu revolts, of which the most important was Shakushain's Revolt ( 1669 – 1672 ).
In 1899, the Japanese government passed an act labeling the Ainu as former aborigines, with the idea they would assimilate — this resulted in the land the Ainu people lived on being taken by the Japanese government, and was from then on under Japanese control.
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