The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

Randolph had been President Jefferson's political opponent in the House.

Randolph attempted to block Madison's nomination by running James Monroe ; thus gaining the support of Federalists, since Madison was considered Jefferson's staunch political ally.

Jefferson's political actions and his attempt to undermine Hamilton nearly led Washington to dismiss Jefferson from his cabinet.

Jefferson's republican political principles were strongly influenced by the 18th-century British opposition writers of the Whig Party.

The historian Gordon S. Wood argues that Jefferson's political philosophy was a product of his time and his scientific interests.

Despite the apparent unity of Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans from 1800 to 1824, ultimately the American people preferred partisan opposition to popular political agreement.

At the time, the political climate in Philadelphia was quite different than Virginia, with a strong division between the Federalists and Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans, along with anti-French sentiment, thus the city was not entirely welcoming for Latrobe.

In American political history, the Tertium Quids, or Quids, were moderate members of Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party.

During the campaign Shelby's political enemies, notably Humphrey Marshall, criticized his response to Jefferson's second letter regarding the Genêt affair and questioned his loyalty to the United States.

In this 1807 political cartoon opposing Embargo Act of 1807 | Jefferson's Embargo, the form and function of speech balloons is already similar to their modern use

Malone's volumes were widely praised for their lucid and graceful writing style, for their rigorous and thorough scholarship, and for their attention to Jefferson's evolving constitutional and political thought.

Later reviewers, however, faulted Malone for his tendency to adopt Jefferson's own perspective and thus to be insufficiently critical of his occasional political errors, faults, and lapses ; for his bias in favor of Jefferson and against his principal adversaries Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and John Marshall ; and for his failure to come to grips with Jefferson's life as a slaveowner and his relationship with his slave Sally Hemings.

Jefferson's biographer Dumas Malone argued that this might have gotten Jefferson impeached for treason, had his actions become known at the time.

Adams, as a Senator, had supported the Louisiana Purchase and Jefferson's Embargo Act, actions which made him very unpopular with Massachusetts Federalists.

Jefferson's biographer Dumas Malone argued that the Kentucky resolution might have gotten Jefferson impeached for treason, had his actions become known at the time.

They voted to reward Jouett with a pair of pistols and a sword, but considered an official inquiry into Jefferson's actions, as they believed he had failed his responsibilities as governor.

Jefferson's biographer Dumas Malone argued that had his actions become known at the time, Jefferson might have been impeached for treason.

Thomas Jefferson's own actions and statements on slavery and on the treatment of slaves were ambiguous and paradoxical ( see: Thomas Jefferson and slavery ).

He explained away his own actions when he had defended the government's seizure of property while he had been Solicitor General in the Wilson administration and urged the justices to look beyond the transitory labor dispute before them to the constitutional principles at stake, closing with Thomas Jefferson's words, slightly misquoted, " In questions of power let no more be said of confidence in man but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution ".

In 2012, the Smithsonian Institution and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation held a major exhibit at the National Museum of American History: Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty ; it says that " evidence strongly support the conclusion that Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings ' children.

The government of North Carolina responded to Jefferson's letter in 1831 with an official pamphlet that reprinted the previously published accounts with some additional testimony in support of the Mecklenburg Declaration.

According to Michael Hardt, "" Jefferson's support of the French Revolution often serves in his mind as a defense of republicanism against the monarchism of the Anglophiles.

In 2002, the Progressive Democrats ' support helped elect Jefferson's protégée Renée Gill Pratt to the New Orleans City Council.

Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, with Washington's support and Jefferson's opposition, convinced Congress to pass a far-reaching financial program that funded the debts of the American Revolution, set up a national bank, and set up a system of tariffs and taxes to pay for all.

His support for Jefferson's economic policy, particularly that of embargoing trade with Great Britain and France ( who were then embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars ) was costly.

While Marshall reluctantly agreed to support Jefferson's interpretation of the controversy, he was also able to increase the power of the Court by giving it the right to review the constitutionality of state laws.

In 2012, the Smithsonian Institution and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation held a major exhibit at the National Museum of American History: Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty ; it says that " most historians now believe that ... the evidence strongly support the conclusion that Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings ' children.

* Marchione, Sister Margherita: Philip Mazzei: Jefferson's " Zealous Whig ", American Institute of Italian Studies, Morristown, NJ, 1975, 352pp.

* Marchione: Philip Mazzei: World Citizen ( Jefferson's " Zealous Whig "), University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1994, 158pp.

** Thomas Jefferson's Plan for the University of Virginia: Lessons from the Lawn, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places ( TwHP ) lesson plan

Six families and their descendants are featured in the exhibit, Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty ( January to October 2012 ) at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, which also examines Jefferson as slaveholder.

The Village of Port Jefferson's Main Street and East Main Street were featured as part of National Public Radio's " Mapping Main Street " project in Spring 2010.

* National Religious Freedom Day on January 16 in the United States, to commemorate the adoption of Thomas Jefferson's landmark Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786

* Judge Sibley, " Beautiful Octoroon: Miss Anna Heming ", originally in Scioto Gazette, 7 Aug 1902 ; Jefferson's Blood, PBS Frontline

As New England relied on commerce with the two nations, the region strongly opposed Jefferson's attempt at " peaceable coercion.

So effective was Bayard in opposing Jefferson's government that all out effort was made by the Democratic-Republicans to unseat him in his attempt at a fourth term in 1802.

The problems were worse due to Jefferson's and Madison's dismantling of the system built by Hamilton and the Federalists.

Peterson agrees with Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson's arch rival, in attributing it to " dumb luck ".

Jefferson achieved electoral victory on the 36th ballot, but only after Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton — who disfavored Burr's personal character more than Jefferson's policies — had made known his preference for Jefferson.

Hamilton Pierson, Jefferson at Monticello: The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson, New York: Charles Scribner, 1862, digital text of book drawn from reminiscences of Edmund Bacon, Jefferson's overseer, University of Michigan

Jefferson's advocacy of limited government led to sharp disagreements with Federalist figures such as Alexander Hamilton.

Washington sent Genêt an 8, 000-word letter of complaint on Jefferson's and Hamilton's advice – one of the few situations in which the Federalist Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republican Jefferson agreed.