Seven Founders -- George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay -- determined the destinies of the new nation.

Opposition to them resulted in the highly controversial Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

Though the resolutions followed the " interposition " approach of James Madison, Jefferson advocated nullification and at one point drafted a threat for Kentucky to secede.

In 1787, James Madison wrote Thomas Jefferson in France for background information on constitutional government to use at the Constitutional Convention.

* James Stewart as Thomas Jefferson " Tom " Destry, Jr., the new deputy

On September 15, 1794, James Madison married Dolley Payne Todd, a young widow, at Harewood, in what is now Jefferson County, West Virginia.

He served on the college's Board of Visitors under Jefferson and under the second rector James Madison, also a former president, almost until his death.

On Saturday, January 22, the full cabinet met and only Secretary of War Jefferson Davis and Secretary of Navy James C. Dobbin supported repeal.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively.

Desperate to avoid possible war with France, Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris in 1802 to negotiate a settlement, with instructions to go to London to negotiate an alliance if the talks in Paris failed.

The original handwritten proclamation signed by President Thomas Jefferson and Secretary of State James Madison, that informed the American public of the landmark deal of the Louisiana Purchase, was acquired in 1996 by Walter Scott Jr. of Omaha, Nebraska, who holds it in his private collection.

As soon as he was able, President Jefferson ordered Levi Lincoln, who was the new administration's Attorney General and acting Secretary of State until the arrival of James Madison, not to deliver the remaining appointments.

Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson followed Machiavelli's republicanism when they opposed what they saw as the emerging aristocracy that they feared Alexander Hamilton was creating with the Federalist Party.

* James Madison: American politician and protege of Jefferson considered to be “ Father of the Constitution ” and “ Father of the Bill of Rights ” of the United States.

No president identified himself as a deist, but George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, and John Tyler are often identified as having some degree of deistic beliefs.

The " Founding Fathers " were strong advocates of republican values, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.

Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Marcus Aurelius and Epicurus ; medieval Muslim polymaths such as Ibn Rushd ; Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine ; and more recent freethinkers, agnostics, and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll and Bertrand Russell.

To serve the household, Jefferson brought some of his slaves, including James Hemings, who trained as a French chef for his master's service.

By chance, Sally Hemings, a younger sister of James, was chosen ; she lived in the Jefferson household in Paris for about two years.

" Due to their opposition to Hamilton, Jefferson and James Madison organized and led the anti-administration party ( called Republican, and known later as Democratic-Republican ).

Jefferson had sent James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston to Paris in 1802 to try to buy the city of New Orleans and adjacent coastal areas.

Historians differ in their assessments as to who was the principal player in the purchase ; the Jefferson biographer Peterson notes a range of opinion among those who credit Napoleon, or others who credit Jefferson, his secretary of state James Madison, and his negotiator James Monroe.

As Madison commented to Jefferson in 1789, `` We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.

Historians have traditionally regarded the great debates of the Seventeen Nineties as polarizing the issues of centralized vs. limited government, with Hamilton and the nationalists supporting the former and Jefferson and Madison upholding the latter position.

The state's rights position was formulated by Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves, but in their later careers as heads of state the two proved themselves better Hamiltonians than Jeffersonians.

In purchasing Louisiana, Jefferson had to adopt Hamilton's broad construction of the Constitution, and so did Madison in advocating the rechartering of Hamilton's bank, which he had so strenuously opposed at its inception, and in adopting a Hamiltonian protective tariff.

" Chernow argues that neither Jefferson nor Madison sensed that they had sponsored measures as inimical as the Alien and Sedition Acts themselves.

* Presidents Park – Freshmen – Completed in 1989, and housing approximately 1, 100 students in twelve halls ( Adams, Kennedy, Roosevelt, Harrison, Lincoln, Truman, Jackson, Madison, Wilson, Jefferson, Monroe, Washington ).

Breaking with Hamilton and what became the Federalist Party in 1791, Madison and Thomas Jefferson organized what they called the Republican Party ( later called by historians the Democratic-Republican Party ) He co-authored, along with Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts.

As Jefferson ’ s Secretary of State ( 1801 – 1809 ), Madison supervised the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation ’ s size.

As a young man during the American Revolutionary War, Madison served in the Virginia state legislature ( 1776 – 79 ), where he became known as a protégé of the delegate Thomas Jefferson.

Madison attained prominence in Virginia politics, working with Jefferson to draft the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, which was finally passed in 1786.

Working closely with Madison and Jefferson, Bishop Madison helped lead the College through the changes involving separation from both Great Britain and the Church of England.

Madison and Thomas Jefferson were the leaders of this second group.

As early as May 26, 1792, Hamilton complained, " Mr. Madison cooperating with Mr. Jefferson is at the head of a faction decidedly hostile to me and my administration.

Congressman Madison and Vice President Jefferson were outraged.

Madison and Jefferson secretly drafted the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts to be unconstitutional and noted that " states, in contesting obnoxious laws, should ' interpose for arresting the progress of the evil.

Jefferson went further, urging states to secede if necessary, though Madison convinced Jefferson to back down from this extreme view.

Jefferson likely moved to Deep Ellum in a more permanent fashion by 1917, where he met Aaron Thibeaux Walker, also known as T-Bone Walker.

After the elections, Mr. Jefferson was appointed Minister and leader of government business ; he also held the portfolios of Tourism, Aviation and Commerce in the Executive Council.

He also helped formulate President Reagan's Economic Bill of Rights, which was a series of policy proposals that Reagan introduced in a speech at the Jefferson Memorial.

Although she greatly admired Jefferson, she also wrote:

Connick is the first cousin of Jefferson Parish District Attorney, Paul Connick, and State Representative, Patrick Connick, of Harvey, also of Jefferson Parish.

Madison and Jefferson had also decided on an embargo to punish Britain and France, which forbade American trade with any foreign nation.

Jefferson also placed special importance on declaring U. S. sovereignty over the Native Americans along the Missouri River, and getting an accurate sense of the resources in the recently completed Louisiana Purchase.

Jefferson also wanted to establish a U. S. claim of " Discovery " to the Pacific Northwest and Oregon territory by documenting an American presence there before Europeans could claim the land.

* The Red River Expedition ( 1806 ) and the Pike Expedition were also commissioned by Jefferson.

He also carried an envelope of anti-government materials that included a bumper sticker with Thomas Jefferson slogan, " When the government fears the people, there is liberty.

The Empire 8 also has affiliate members in football ( Springfield College ) and field hockey ( Washington & Jefferson College ).

Although some historians have noted that the evidence can also support other possible fathers, most have concluded that Jefferson had a long relationship with Hemings and fathered one or more of her children.

Consulting with other committee members, Jefferson also drew on his own proposed draft of the Virginia Constitution, George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and other sources.

Jefferson also recommended setting up the Committee of the States, to function as the executive arm of Congress.

Jefferson had also served on the committee appointed to draw up the rules of order for the Continental Congress in 1776.

Jefferson also ordered five separate naval bombardments of Tripoli, which restored peace in the Mediterranean for a while.

At Jefferson's request, Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, a French nobleman who had close ties with both Jefferson and Napoleon, also helped negotiate the purchase with France.

Jefferson responded with the Embargo Act of 1807, directed also at Great Britain.

Jefferson also signed into law a bill that officially segregated the US postal system by not allowing blacks to carry mail.

He defines the right of " liberty " by saying, " Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others ..." A proper government, for Jefferson, is one that not only prohibits individuals in society from infringing on the liberty of other individuals, but also restrains itself from diminishing individual liberty.

Mifflin also appointed Thomas Jefferson as Minister Plenipotentiary to France on May 7, 1784.

Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the North Lawn that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue.