* Various Orthodox Jewish views Usenet, the Soc. Culture. Jewish FAQ

* Reform Judaism FAQ on Soc. Culture. Jewish Newsgroups

In 1946, he took a position at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America ( JTS ), the main seminary of Conservative Judaism, where he served as professor of Jewish ethics and Mysticism until his death in 1972.

Like Reform Judaism, the Conservative movement developed in Europe and the United States in the 19th century, as Jews reacted to the changes brought about by the Enlightenment and Jewish emancipation, a confluence of events that lead to Haskalah, or the Jewish Enlightenment.

Conservative Judaism enjoyed rapid growth in the first half of the 20th century, becoming the largest American Jewish denomination.

Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).

Other views of God affirmed by members of the Conservative movement include Kabbalistic mysticism ; Hasidic panentheism ( neo-Hasidism, Jewish Renewal ); limited theism ( as in Harold Kushner's When Bad Things Happen to Good People ); and organic thinking in the fashion of Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne, also known as process theology ( such as Rabbis Max Kaddushin, William E. Kaufman, or Bradley Shavit Artson ).

Many Conservative Jews reject the traditional Jewish idea that God literally dictated the words of the Torah to Moses at Mount Sinai in a verbal revelation, but they hold the traditional Jewish belief that God inspired the later prophets to write the rest of the Tanakh.

In contrast to both, most Conservative positions affirm the divine but nonverbal revelation of written Torah as the authentic, historically correct Jewish view.

Conservative Judaism views halakha ( Jewish religious law ) as normative and binding.

Examining Jewish history and rabbinic literature through the lens of academic criticism, Conservative Judaism believes that halakha has always evolved to meet the changing realities of Jewish life, and that it must continue to do so in the modern age.

Conservative Jews believe that movements to its left, such as Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, have erred by rejecting the traditional authority of Jewish law and tradition.

They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.

Accordingly, Conservative Judaism holds itself bound by the Jewish legal tradition, but asserts the right of its rabbinical body, acting as a whole, to interpret and to apply Jewish law.

Conservative Judaism views the process by which Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism make changes to Jewish tradition as potentially invalid.

Thus, Conservative Judaism rejects patrilineal descent and would hold that a child of a non-Jewish mother who was raised as a Reform or Reconstructionist Jew is not legally Jewish and would have to undergo conversion to become a Jew.

Young Morris, who, while attending the University of Pennsylvania, also taught and edited a paper, found time to write Henrietta twenty-page letters on everything that engaged his interest, from the acting of Sarah Bernhardt in Philadelphia to his reactions to the comments of `` Sulamith '' on the Jewish reform movement being promulgated by the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

Important early anthroposophists who were Jewish included Karl König, the founder of the Camphill movement, and a majority of the executive board of the original Anthroposophical Society.

The Nazi movement, from nearly the start, denounced the Bauhaus for its " degenerate art ", and the Nazi regime was determined to crack down on what it saw as the foreign, probably Jewish influences of " cosmopolitan modernism.

The adoption of the radical Pittsburgh Platform in 1885, which dismissed observance of the ritual commandments and Jewish peoplehood as " anachronistic ", created a permanent wedge between the Reform movement and more traditional American Jews.

Beliefs about God in the tradition of Jewish rationalism have been described as " reemergent " within the movement.

The Conservative movement is committed to Jewish pluralism and respects the religious practices of Reform and Reconstructionist Jews.

The rosh yeshivas at Yeshivat Hadar in New York, New York include rabbis Elie Kaunfer and Shai Held who were ordained by the Conservative movement ( at Jewish Theological Seminary ).

Orthodox Jewish leaders vary considerably in their dealings with the Conservative movement and with individual Conservative Jews.

" In the 1930s, his German patrons, many Jewish, lost their fortunes and some their lives during the rise of the Nazi movement.

* Haskalah, Jewish Enlightenment, movement among European Jews in the late 18th century

One theory on the formation of the Essenes suggested the movement was founded by a Jewish high priest, dubbed by the Essenes the Teacher of Righteousness, whose office had been usurped by Jonathan ( of priestly but not Zadokite lineage ), labeled the " man of lies " or " false priest ".

Jewish feminism is a movement that seeks to improve the religious, legal, and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience and leadership for Jewish women.

Jewish feminism is a movement that seeks to improve the religious, legal, and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience and leadership for Jewish women.

It has been suggested that they emerged as part of a Jewish folklore movement parallel with the contemporary German folklore movement and that they may have been based on Jewish oral tradition.

Matthew may have been influenced by Jewish Christianity, a movement in the first few centuries CE which saw Jesus as the Messiah, but continued to practice Jewish customs and traditions.

The clear implication is that to bare one's throat would be tantamount to suicide ( which Jewish law forbids ) and it would also be considered helping a murderer kill someone and thus would " place an obstacle in front of a blind man " ( i. e., makes it easier for another person to falter in their ways ).

The early 2nd century BCE Jewish author Ben Sira praises Nehemiah, but makes no mention of Ezra.

In Conservative Judaism, the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards ( CJLS ) of the Rabbinical Assembly makes the movement's decisions concerning Jewish law.

Examples of other changes are " truly I tell you " becomes " I tell you the truth ;" " fellow workers " becomes " coworkers ;" " the Jews ," particularly in John's Gospel, often becomes " Jewish leaders " when the context makes the statement's real meaning apparent ; and " miracles ," especially in John, become the more literal " signs ," " miraculous signs ," or " works.

The New Testament also makes common reference to the common people indicating that the Jewish identity was independent and stronger than these groups.

It is a rags to riches story chronicling the rise and fall of Sammy Glick, a Jewish boy born in New York's Lower East Side who very early in his life makes up his mind to escape the ghetto and climb the ladder of success by deception and betrayal.

This makes Jewish mysticism accessible and tangible, so that it inspires emotional dveikus ( cleaving to God ) and spiritual contribution to daily Jewish life.

Similar changes characterise wider history, but the individuality of the Jewish experience, makes their encounter with the events and ideas of modernity, especially turbulent.

In a 1995 edition of Hirsch ' Nineteen Letters, commentator Rabbi Joseph Elias makes an extensive effort to show Hirsch ' sources in Rabbinic literature, parallels in his other works and those of other post-Talmudic Jewish thinkers.

In later works, he makes it clear that Jewish sovereignty is dependent only on Divine Providence.

Though several characters, including Stingo, discuss in detail the fact that the Jewish people suffered far more than other groups, Stingo also describes Hitler's attempts to eliminate the Slavs or turn them into slave labor and makes the case that the Holocaust cannot be understood as an exclusively Jewish tragedy.

; 1942 May: The Biltmore Conference makes a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy and demands " that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth " ( state ), rather than a " homeland.

" Sowell points out that Episcopalians have also experienced similar prosperity-as a group-as Jews, but it is the " social and economic distance covered in a relatively short time " that makes the Jewish experience in America unique.

In the meantime, Finn makes the acquaintance of a charming, clever foreigner, Madame Max Goesler, the young and beautiful widow of a rich Jewish banker.

* Iran makes protest and cuts diplomatic ties with Argentina over the arrest in Britain of its former ambassador with the United Kingdom and Argentina for the alleged bombing Jewish community centre in Buenos Aires in 1994 in which 85 people died.

Isaacs said " the Zionist movement as a whole ... now places its own unwarranted interpretation on the Balfour Declaration, and makes demands that are arousing the antagonism of the Moslem world of nearly 400 millions, thereby menacing the safety of our Empire, endangering world peace and imperiling some of the most sacred associations of the Jewish, Christian, and Moslem faiths.

The book is a personal study of recruits into the Coldstream Guards in the early years of World War II ; a Cornish recruit is said to have a Jewish appearance, and the author makes the link.

It ensures a Jewish " hold on the land, contributes to the distribution of the population, and accomplishes the social revolution of the Jewish people that ties it to its homeland and makes it productive.

He makes large contribution to the work of the European Jewish Fund, a non-profit organization aimed at developing European Jewry and promoting tolerance and reconciliation on the continent.