It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits ( dates to commemorate the death of a relative ), and daily Psalm reading, among many ceremonial uses.

This can affect the dates observed for all the Jewish holidays in a particular year by one day.

Jewish holidays are special days in the Jewish calendar, which celebrate moments in Jewish history, as well as central themes in the relationship between God and the world, such as creation, revelation, and redemption.

Hadrian built a pagan idol on the Temple grounds and prohibited circumcision ; these acts of ethnocide provoked the Bar Kokhba revolt 132 – 136 CE after which the Romans banned the study of the Torah and the celebration of Jewish holidays, and forcibly removed virtually all Jews from Judea.

Candle s lit on the eve of Shabbat and Jewish holidays

: For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays, see Jewish holidays 2000-2050.

As a general rule, the four days above, the Biblical Jewish holidays ( Sabbath, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Three Pilgrimage Festivals ) and Purim are observed as holidays in Israel.

Other Jewish holidays listed above are observed in varying ways and to varying degrees.

* Jewish Holidays Online-List of all Jewish holidays for the current year ( or any given year ).

* A calculator that figures out the dates of Jewish holidays in any year

* Musaf ( מו ּ ס ָ ף, " additional ") are recited by Orthodox and Conservative congregations on Shabbat, major Jewish holidays ( including Chol HaMoed ), and Rosh Chodesh.

Orthodox Judaism regards halakha ( Jewish law ) as requiring Jewish men to pray three times daily and four times daily on the Sabbath and most Jewish holidays, and five times on Yom Kippur.

Furthermore, the wine was drunk in the privacy of the home on Shabbat, Jewish holidays, weddings and brit milah ( circumcision ceremonies ).

It is one of the most widely observed Jewish holidays.

In Israel, Passover lasts for seven days with the first and last days being major Jewish holidays.

Both of her parents were Jewish, though Gellar's family had a Christmas tree during her childhood holidays.

The autumnal equinox has also given rise to various holidays, such as the Jewish holiday of Sukkot.

The second seder, observed in some Jewish communities on the second night of Passover can, however, occur on Thursday night.

The festival is observed in Jewish homes by the kindling of lights on each of the festival's eight nights, one on the first night, two on the second night and so on.

The Fast of Gedalia is a minor Jewish fast day observed from dawn until dusk.

Other Great Sabbaths ( if this is referring to what are commonly considered to be Jewish holy days, though observed by many early professors of Christ ) come in the Spring, late summer, or Fall.

Jewish Shabbat is a weekly day of rest cognate to Christian Sabbath, observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night ; it is also observed by a minority of Christians.

As one of the most culturally significant Jewish holidays, Yom Kippur is observed by many secular Jews who may not observe other holidays.

Five additional prohibitions are traditionally observed, as detailed in the Jewish oral tradition ( Mishnah tractate Yoma 8: 1 )

The holiday is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday, and may coincide with the Jewish observance of Passover.

He sent a letter to Agudat Yisrael stating that while he is committed to establishing a non-theocratic state with freedom of religion he is promising that Shabbat would be Israel's official day of rest, that in State-provided kitchens there will be access to Kosher food, that every effort will be made to provide a single jurisdiction for Jewish family affairs, and that each sector would be granted autonomy in the sphere of education, provided minimum standards regarding the curriculum are observed.

Linked by Modern Jewish tradition to the Bar Kokhba Revolt against the Roman Empire ( 132-135 CE ), Lag BaOmer is very popularly observed and celebrated as a symbol for the fighting Jewish spirit.

On April 1, 1933, the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses was observed throughout Germany.

According to Joseph P. Schultz, modern scholarship " considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppression than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp ", while John J. Collins writes that while the civil war between Jewish leaders led to the king's new policies, it is wrong to see the revolt as simply a conflict between Hellenism and Judaism, since " The revolt was not provoked by the introduction of Greek customs ( typified by the building of a gymnasium ) but by the persecution of people who observed the Torah by having their children circumcised and refusing to eat pork.

In many communities the solemn Jewish fast days Seventeenth of Tammuz and the Ninth of Av were still observed as joyous feast-days in spite of bans and excommunications.

Deutsch observed that this man's mostly Jewish followers interpreted the guru's pathological mood swings as expressions of different Hindu deities and interpreted his behavior as holy madness, and his cruel deeds as punishments that they had earned.

" It could also be observed that the typically short stature of the Ferengi is stereotypical with those of Jewish heritage.

" Gillota also observed: " Whereas the schlemiel of Eastern Europe encountered problems that mostly affected Eastern European Jews ( such as anti-Semitism and economic survival ), Larry encounters problems that affect contemporary middle-to upper-class American Jews, namely, Jewish assimilation, secularism, intermarriage, and, as all of these suggest, the Jews ' precarious ethnic identity in an increasingly multicultural environment.

Sephardic law and customs means the practice of Judaism as observed by the Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, so far as it is peculiar to themselves and not shared with other Jewish groups such as the Ashkenazim.

Henrietta's feeling of identity with Sara Sullam was crowned by her discovery of the coincidence that Sara's epitaph in the Jewish cemetery in Venice referred to her as `` the Sulamite ''.

Young Morris, who, while attending the University of Pennsylvania, also taught and edited a paper, found time to write Henrietta twenty-page letters on everything that engaged his interest, from the acting of Sarah Bernhardt in Philadelphia to his reactions to the comments of `` Sulamith '' on the Jewish reform movement being promulgated by the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

The wholesome activities were to be provided by many organizations including the YMCA, the Knights of Columbus, the Jewish Welfare Board, the American Library Association, and the Playground and Recreation Association -- private societies which voluntarily performed the job that was taken over almost entirely by the Special Services Division of the Army itself in World War 2.

Finally, there is the undeniable fact that some of the finest American fiction is being written by Jews, but it is not Jewish fiction ; ;

If anti-Semitism was on trial in Jerusalem, why was it not identified, and with enough emphasis to capture the notice of the world press, in its connection with the activities of Eichmann's Department of Jewish Affairs, as exemplified by the betrayal and murder of Jews by non-police and non-party anti-Semites in Germany, as well as in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary??

Should not everyone have been awakened to it as an outstanding fact of our time that the nations poisoned by anti-Semitism proved less fortunate in regard to their own freedom than those whose citizens saved their Jewish compatriots from the transports??

They were disturbed by his idiotic bravado -- as, when his bodyguard, Yankee Schwartz, complained that he had been snubbed by Dave Miller, a prize-fight referee, chieftain of a Jewish gang and one of four brothers of tough reputation, who were Hirschey, a gambler-politician in loose beer-running league with Torrio and O'Banion, Frank, a policeman, and Max, the youngest.

It appears that an Orthodox girl in the community disrupted plans for an outing sponsored by one of the Jewish service groups because she would not travel on Saturday and, in addition, required kosher food.

This may help explain a phenomenon described by a small-town Jewish boy.

The Jewish working girl almost invariably works in an office -- in contradistinction to gentile factory workers -- and, buttressed by a respectable income, she is likely to dress better and live more expansively than the college student.

Most Jewish mothers are determined to exercise vigilance over the social and sexual lives of their daughters by keeping them home.

Brooklyn College is unequivocally Jewish in tone, and efforts to detribalize the college by bringing in unimpeachably midwestern types on the faculty have been unavailing.

`` Meet the Artist '' is the invitation issued by members of the Greater Philadelphia Section of the National Council of Jewish Women as they arrange for an annual exhibit and sale of paintings and sculpture at the Philmont Country Club on April 8 and 9.

Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized violent attacks by mobs, state police, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities.

Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

* 1948 – The Hadassah medical convoy massacre: In an ambush, 79 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital and a British soldier are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarra near Jerusalem.

Alypius was afterwards commissioned to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem as part of Julian's systematic attempt to reverse the Christianization of the Roman Empire by restoring pagan and, in this case, Jewish practices.

Auschwitz II – Birkenau was designated by the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, Germany's Minister of the Interior, as the place of the " final solution of the Jewish question in Europe ".

Scholars think that Luke attempts to legitimate Christianity by rooting it in Israelite tradition as evidenced by Luke constantly relating Christianity to Jewish religion.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".