and to Mrs. Rozella Switzer, regional director of The National Conference of Christians and Jews, who asked them to serve as a committee for the fund.

Pastor and theologian Dr. Brian Abasciano claims " What Paul says about Jews, Gentiles, and Christians, whether of their place in God ’ s plan, or their election, or their salvation, or how they should think or behave, he says from a corporate perspective which views the group as primary and those he speaks about as embedded in the group.

Supporters of this view believe that “ to a hypothetical outside reader, presents Christianity as enlightened, harmless, even beneficent .” Some believe that through this work, Luke intended to show the Roman Empire that the root of Christianity is within Judaism so that the Christians “ may receive the same freedom to practice their faith that the Roman Empire afforded the Jews .” Those who support the view of Luke ’ s work as political apology generally draw evidence from the facts that Christians are found innocent of committing any political crime ( Acts 25: 25 ; 19: 37 ; 19: 40 ) and that Roman officials ’ views towards Christians are generally positive.

The Adamic language is, according to Jews ( as recorded in the midrashim ), some Christians, and Mormons, the language spoken by Adam ( and possibly Eve ) in the Garden of Eden.

In addition to his office, the archbishop also holds a number of other positions ; for example, he is Joint President of the Council of Christians and Jews in the United Kingdom.

Two separate doors ( one for Jews and one for Christians ) on a house in Lengnau

Of special historical interest is the observation of Abbahu in regard to the benediction " Baruk Shem Kebod Malkuto " ( Blessed be the Name of His glorious Kingdom ) after the " Shema ' Yisrael ," that in Palestine, where the Christians look for points of controversy, the words should be recited aloud ( lest the Jews be accused of tampering with the unity of God proclaimed in the Shema '), whereas in the Babylonian city of Nehardea, where there are no Christians, the words are recited with a low voice ( Pesahim 56a ).

Abd al-Rahman continued to allow Jews and Christians and other monotheistic religions to retain and practice their faiths.

Christians more often converted to Islam than Jews although there were converted Jews among the new followers of Islam.

In 837, he suppressed a revolt of Christians and Jews in Toledo.

Years later in 1890 Edward Granville Browne described how ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was " one more eloquent of speech, more ready of argument, more apt of illustration, more intimately acquainted with the sacred books of the Jews, the Christians, and the Muhammadans ... scarcely be found even amongst the eloquent.

Jews, Protestants, and Catholics all use the Masoretic text as the textual basis for their translations of the protocanonical books ( those which are received by both Jews and all Christians ), with various emendations derived from a multiplicity of other ancient witnesses ( such as the Septuagint, the Vulgate, the Dead Sea Scrolls, etc.

" While Disraeli did not argue that the Jews did the Christians a favour by killing Christ, as he had in Tancred and would in Lord George Bentinck, his speech was badly received by his own party, which along with the Anglican establishment was hostile to the bill.

Bernard Lewis states that the Muslim laity and Islamic authorities have always had great difficulty in accommodating post-Islamic monotheistic religions such as the Bahá ' í Faith, since the followers of such religions cannot be dismissed either as benighted heathens, like the polytheists of Asia and the animists of Africa, nor as outdated precursors, like the Jews and Christians.

Three additional narratives are preserved in the Septuagint and the Theodotion versions, and are considered apocryphal by Protestant Christians and Jews, and deuterocanonical by Catholic and Orthodox Christians.

Unlike many Jews, conservative Christians consider Daniel ’ s visions as prophetic.

A large number of Old Testament passages were regarded as messianic by the Jews, many more than are commonly considered messianic by Christians, and various groups of Jews assigned varying degrees of significance to them.

The use of the definite article before the word " Christ " and its gradual development into a proper name show the Christians identified the bearer with the promised Messiah of the Jews who fulfilled all the Messianic predictions in a fuller and a higher sense than had been given them by the Rabbis.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time.

For example, what Jews from Eastern Europe and from North Africa consider " Jewish food " has more in common with the cuisines of non-Jewish Eastern Europeans and North Africans than with each other, although for religious Jews all food-preparation must conform to the same laws of Kashrut.

Jews consider it to contain the Foundation Stone ( see also Holy of Holies ), which is the holiest site in Judaism.

At that time some Jews began to consider the possibility of re-establishing themselves as an independent nation.

Orthodox Jews generally consider commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch ( a condensed codification of halakha that largely favored Sephardic traditions ) to be the definitive codification of Jewish law.

He refused even to consider the idea ( which some of the other Nazi leaders were open to, though only on pragmatic grounds as a way of encouraging Jewish emigration ) that German Jews be allowed to take their personal possessions with them when they left Germany.

Surely it is time for Jews, worried over the huge growth of Arabs in Israel, to consider finishing the exchange of populations that began 35 ( 50 ) years ago.

Although according to Jewish law once matzah is baked it cannot become chametz, some Jews consider that moistened matzo becomes unkosher if it rises.

While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some within the Orthodox community groups to its right consider it of questionable validity.

* Spanish and Portuguese Jews consider the Shulchan Aruch as authoritative, but differ from other Sephardim by making less allowance for more recent authorities, in particular customs based on the Kabbalah.

Some Modern Orthodox Jews are also somewhat more willing to consider revisiting questions of Jewish law through Talmudic arguments.

* Rice, often with saffron or raisins – Nearly all Sephardi Jews and many Mizrachi Jews consider rice to be an essential food for the Passover table ; Ashkenazi Jews and Hasidic Jews do not eat rice during Passover as a matter of minhag.

" Twenty-thousand Jews were sent to concentration camps in the days immediately following ; historians consider Kristallnacht the beginning of the Holocaust.

The Reform movement rejects the idea that halakha ( Jewish law ) is the sole legitimate form of Jewish decision making, and holds that Jews can and must consider their conscience and ethical principles inherent in the Jewish tradition when deciding upon a right course of action.

Supporters of Nordicism and Germanism consider Nordic people ( Scandinavians, Germans, English, Balts and Dutch ) to be superior, shunning those of Southern and Eastern Europe ( who may have darker features and different cultures ), including mostly Jews, Poles, Celts ( Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Basque ), Gypsies, Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, white Latin Americans, Lusophone, white Africans, and Russians, along with anyone whose ethnic heritage is not European.

Some historians consider the Ottoman regime's invitation to the Jews was a strategy to prevent the ethnic Greek population ( Eastern Orthodox Christians ) from dominating the city.

Orthodox Jews do not consider these ordinations valid, because these seminaries do not consider Orthodox halacha to be binding.

However, there are some Jews, particularly the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, who do hold public readings of the Book of Job on the Tisha B ' Av fast ( a day of mourning over the destruction of the First and Second Temples and other tragedies ).

The Book of Haggai was written in 520 BCE some 18 years after Cyrus had conquered Babylon and issued a decree in 538 BCE allowing the captive Jews to return to Judea.

A quote from the Book of Esther, which says: " On the contrary " ( hebrew: ונהפוך הוא ) is the reason that wearing a costume has become so popular among the Jews on this holiday.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, the large number of people claimed to have been killed by the Jews is an improbability ; " Perhaps the most striking point against the historical value of the Book of Esther is the remarkable decree permitting the Jews to massacre their enemies and fellow subjects during a period of two days.

The Book of Daniel provides accounts of Jews in exile being assigned names relating to Babylonian gods and " Mordecai " is understood to mean servant of Marduk, a Babylonian god.

According to Ehrman, the Book of Acts tells a different story of Paul's career, but in this case it reports that, while there were " some " Jews converted during Paul's initial preaching in Thessalonica, the gentiles who were converted were " a large number " and the Jews as a body fiercely opposed Paul's work there.

The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as " Jews " in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title " Children of Israel ".

Purim ( Hebrew: Pûrîm " lots ") is a joyous Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Persian Jews from the plot of the evil Haman, who sought to exterminate them, as recorded in the biblical Book of Esther.

Josephus ' Antiquities of the Jews, written around 93 – 94 AD, includes two references to Jesus in Books 18 and 20 and a reference to John the Baptist in Book 18.

In the Antiquities of the Jews ( Book 20, Chapter 9, 1 ) Josephus refers to the stoning of " James the brother of Jesus " by order of Ananus ben Ananus, a Herodian-era High Priest who died c. 68 AD.

In the Antiquities of the Jews ( Book 18, Chapter 5, 2 ) Josephus refers to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist by order of Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee and Perea.

Among other things, the authenticity of this passage would help make sense of the later reference in Josephus Antiquities of the Jews Book 20, Chapter 9, 1 where Josephus refers to the stoning of " James the brother of Jesus ".

And again in his Commentary on Matthew ( Book X, Chapter 17 ) Origen refers to Josephus ' Antiquities of the Jews by name and that Josephus had stated that the death of James had brought a wrath upon those who had killed him.

( Painter page 136 ) Painter points out that as described in the Antiquities of the Jews ( Book 20, Chapter 9, 2 ) Ananus was bribing both Albinus and Jesus the son of Damnaeus so that his men could take the tithes of other priests outside Jerusalem, to the point that some of whom then starved to death.

The Jews of his day ascribed the Book of Malachi, the last book of prophecy, to Ezra but if Ezra's name was originally associated with the book, it would hardly have been dropped by the collectors of the prophetic Canon who lived only a century or two subsequent to Ezra's time.

According to the Book of Acts in the New Testament, Peter declared in his sermon to the Jews that they should all be baptised.

Jizya is a poll tax imposed under Islamic law on non-Muslims-specifically, the dhimmi (" People of the Book ", i. e. Jews and Christians ).

This status was originally only made available to non-Muslims who were " People of the Book " ( Christians, Jews, and Sabians ), but was later extended to include Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindus, Mandeans ( Sabians ), and Buddhists.

* Book of Prayer: According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews David de Sola Pool, New York: Union of Sephardic Congregations, 1979

* Book of Prayer of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews ’ Congregation, London.