This " historical account " has much of Eusebius's own theological agenda intertwined with the factual text including his view on God, Christ, the Scriptures, the Jews, the church, pagans, and heretics.

* In Lisbon, the auto-da-fé parade ( often an excuse for violence against Jews or Christian ' heretics ') is abolished.

* The Third Council of the Lateran condemns Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first " ghettos " for Jews.

* September 27 – Consorts and co-rulers Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile initiate the Spanish Inquisition ( looking for heretics and unconverted Jews ).

* Approximate date of the Synod of Elvira in Elvira, Spain, which was a church council that prohibited interaction with Jews, pagans, and heretics .</ onlyinclude >

The results of Salazar's investigation was that the Spanish Inquisition did not bother witches ever again though they still went after heretics and Jews.

with the Edict of Milan, and Christianity was made the official religion of the empire in 380 C. E .. By the eighth century Christianity had attained a clear ascendancy across Europe and neighboring regions, and a period of consolidation began marked by the pursuit of heretics, heathens, Jews, Muslims, and various other religious groups.

The groups covered included Jews, Muslims, heretics such as Cathars ( repentant ones were made to wear the Cathar yellow cross ), lepers and sufferers from some other medical conditions, and prostitutes.

Jewish conversos and Marranos ( Jews who converted to Christianity, but continued practicing their religion in secret ) all fell prey to his fanatical hunt for heretics.

About that time Ferdinand and Isabella had obtained from Pope Sixtus IV a papal bull to establish in their kingdom a tribunal for searching out heretics, and especially Jews who after having received baptism had relapsed openly or secretly into Judaism ; these were known as Marranos.

# Known as Birkat HaMinim (" the sectarians, heretics ") this asks God to destroy those in heretical sects ( Minuth ), who slander Jews and who act as informers against Jews.

In the form in which they appear in the 1962 Missal, the set of prayers in which that of the Jews is included are for: the Holy Church, the Supreme Pontiff ; all orders and grades of the faithful ( clergy and laity ); public officials ( added in 1955, replacing an older prayer for the Holy Roman Emperor, not used since the abdication of Francis II in 1806 but still printed in the Roman Missal ); catechumens ; the needs of the faithful ; heretics and schismatics ; the conversion of the Jews ( without the word " perfidis "); the conversion of pagans.

Pope Eugene IV, Cantate Domino ( 1441 ): " The most Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that none of those existing outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans, but also Jews and heretics and schismatics, can have a share in life eternal ; but that they will go into the " eternal fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels " ( Matthew 25: 41 ), unless before death they are joined with Her ; and that so important is the unity of this ecclesiastical body that only those remaining within this unity can profit by the sacraments of the Church unto salvation, and they alone can receive an eternal recompense for their fasts, their almsgivings, their other works of Christian piety and the duties of a Christian soldier.

John of Ephesus records the blows, fighting, murders and other deeds " so insensate and unrestrained that Satan and his herds of demons alone could rejoice in them, wrought on both sides by the two factions with which the believers — so unworthy of the name — were rent ", provoking " the contempt and ridicule of heathens, Jews, and heretics ".

Jan Willem Drijvers observes that " It appears … that Rabbula was not the model bishop as presented by the Vita Rabbulae, but a fanatical Christian who persecuted all those who had other ideas, such as diophysites and other heretics, as well as Jews.

She looks at religion from a sociological standpoint, and sees that although Jewish community as a whole accepts Secular Humanistic Jews and Jewish Buddhists as still being " in the fold ," Messianic Jews are considered to be heretics.

* Regulating approach to heretics ( canons 6 – 10, 31 – 34, 37 ), Jews ( canons 16, 37 – 38 ) and pagans ( canon 39 )

Nevertheless in these descriptions, and in spite of certain differences, we find the same elements repeated: the psalms generally chanted in the form of responses, that is to say by one or more cantors, the choir repeating one verse, which served as a response, alternately with the verses of psalms which were sung by the cantors ; readings taken from the Old and the New Testament, and later on, from the works of the Fathers and doctors ; litanies or supplications ; prayer for the divers members of the Church, clergy, faithful, neophytes, and catechumens ; for emperors ; travellers ; the sick ; and generally for all the necessities of the Church, and even prayer for Jews and for heretics.

Seeking to protect the socio-economic and religious integrity of Jewish society, the qahals did their best to include “ non-useful Jews ” in the draft lists so that the heads of tax-paying middle-class families were predominantly exempt from conscription, whereas single Jews, as well as " heretics " ( enlightenment-minded individuals ), paupers, outcasts, and orphaned children were drafted.

In March 1273, Gregory X formulated the following rules: relapsed Jews, as well as Christians who abjured their faith in favor of " the Jewish superstition ", were to be treated by the Inquisitors as heretics.

He enacted an edict of tolerance for Jews and heretics, and Livorno became a haven for Spanish Jews, expelled from Iberia in 1492, as well as other persecuted foreigners.

Within this frame of reference policies appropriate to claims advanced in the name of the Jews depend upon which Jewish identity is involved, as well as upon the nature of the claim, the characteristics of the claimant, the justifications proposed, and the predispositions of the community decision makers who are called upon to act.

If Jews are identified as a religious body in a controversy that comes before a national or international tribunal, it is obviously compatible with the goal of human dignity to protect freedom of worship.

It is not implied that formal principles and procedures are so firmly entrenched within the public order of the world community or even of free commonwealths that they will control in all circumstances involving Jews and Gentiles during coming years.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

The Jews for 2500 years have been a prime example, though the adherents of any world or interpeople religion are cases in point.

It was the conclusion of the first phase of a process of tragic recollection, and of refining the recollection, that will last as long as there are Jews.

Catholics, Protestants and Jews are in agreement over the objectives of family planning, but disagree over the methods to be used.

One of the reasons for the high percentage of Jewish teen-agers in college is that a great many urban Jews are enabled to attend local colleges at modest cost.

Perhaps this meal was like the 1932ish Baghdad tea, where she stares " unbelievingly ", horrified by the first hint of the future, when her host Dr Jordan, Director of Antiquities, pausing while playing Beethoven, says " Our Jews are perhaps different from yours.

Antisemitism refers specifically to prejudice against Jews alone and in general, despite the fact that there are other speakers of Semitic languages ( e. g. Arabs, Ethiopians, or Assyrians ) and that not all Jews speak a Semitic language.

In total, 133 Jews and 116 Arabs are killed.

* 1349 – Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.

* 1391 – Jews are massacred in Palma de Mallorca.

Supporters of this view believe that “ to a hypothetical outside reader, presents Christianity as enlightened, harmless, even beneficent .” Some believe that through this work, Luke intended to show the Roman Empire that the root of Christianity is within Judaism so that the Christians “ may receive the same freedom to practice their faith that the Roman Empire afforded the Jews .” Those who support the view of Luke ’ s work as political apology generally draw evidence from the facts that Christians are found innocent of committing any political crime ( Acts 25: 25 ; 19: 37 ; 19: 40 ) and that Roman officials ’ views towards Christians are generally positive.

Jews from Arab countries – mainly Mizrahi Jews and Yemenite Jews – are today usually not categorised as Arab.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".

From the late 1940s to the early 1960s, following the creation of the state of Israel, most of these Jews fled their countries of birth and are now mostly concentrated in Israel.

Of special historical interest is the observation of Abbahu in regard to the benediction " Baruk Shem Kebod Malkuto " ( Blessed be the Name of His glorious Kingdom ) after the " Shema ' Yisrael ," that in Palestine, where the Christians look for points of controversy, the words should be recited aloud ( lest the Jews be accused of tampering with the unity of God proclaimed in the Shema '), whereas in the Babylonian city of Nehardea, where there are no Christians, the words are recited with a low voice ( Pesahim 56a ).

* 1943 – Holocaust: In Terebovlia, Ukraine, Germans order 1, 100 Jews to undress to their underwear and march through the city of Terebovlia to the nearby village of Plebanivka where they are shot dead and buried in ditches.

For concerning these, the Lord put to shame the Sadducees, and said, ' Ye do err, not knowing the Scriptures ' and He reproved the Jews, saying, ' Search the Scriptures, for these are they that testify of ME ".