Thus, the actual name that Chiang received at birth was Jiang Ruiyuan ().

For the next fifteen years or so, Chiang was known as Jiang Zhiqing ( Wade-Giles: Chiang Chi-ching ).

In 1912, when Jiang Zhiqing was in Japan, he started to use the name Chiang Kai-shek ( Chinese: 蔣介石 ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang Chieh-shih ) as a pen name for the articles that he published in a Chinese magazine he founded ( Voice of the Army ( Chinese: 軍聲 ).

Since Jiang Zemin became the national party chief in June 1989, all but one former Shanghai party chief was elevated to the Politburo Standing Committee, the de facto highest decision-making body in China, including Jiang Zemin ( General secretary and President ), Zhu Rongji ( Premier ), Wu Bangguo ( Chairman of the National People's Congress ), Huang Ju ( Vice Premier ), and Xi Jinping ( Vice President ).

When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An ( r. 106 – 125 CE ) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run ( 李閏 ) and Jiang Jing ( 江京 ) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him.

For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin.

On April 6, 1967, Liu Shaoqi was openly and widely denounced by a Zhongnanhai faction whose members included Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng, and ultimately, Mao himself.

This was followed by a protest and mass demonstrations, most notably in Wuhan on July 20, where Jiang openly denounced any " counter-revolutionary activity "; she later personally flew to Wuhan to criticize Chen Zaidao, the general in charge of the Wuhan area.

Furthermore, despite Mao's efforts to put on a show of unity at the Congress, the factional divide between Lin Biao's PLA camp and the Jiang Qing-led radical camp was intensifying.

With Mao's health on the decline, it was clear that Jiang Qing had political ambitions of her own.

But it diluted blame on Mao himself by asserting that the movement was " manipulated by the counterrevolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing ", who caused its worst excesses.

The group was led by Jiang Qing, and consisted of three of her close associates, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.

During the trial, Jiang Qing in particular was extremely defiant, protesting loudly and bursting into tears at some points.

President Jiang Zemin was alerted to the demonstration by Politburo member Luo Gan, and was reportedly angered by the audacity of the demonstration — the largest since the Tiananmen Square protests ten years earlier, and called for resolute action to suppress the group.

That Falun Gong, whose belief system represented a revival of traditional Chinese religion, was being practiced by a large number of Communist Party members and members of the military was seen as particularly disturbing to Jiang Zemin.

Jiang Qing ( March 19, 1914May 14, 1991 ) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure.

Jiang Qing was most well known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution ( 1966 – 76 ) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the " Gang of Four ".

Jiang Qing served as Mao's personal secretary in the 1940s and was head of the Film Section of the CPC Propaganda Department in the 1950s.

However, Jiang Qing's political success was limited.

Since then, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao have been branded by official historical documents in China as the " Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-revolutionary Cliques " ( 林彪江青反革命集团 / 林彪江青反革命集團 ), to which most of the blame for the damage and devastation caused by the Cultural Revolution was assigned.

Mao's wife Jiang Qing, meanwhile, had formed an informal radical political alliance with Shanghai revolution organizer Wang Hongwen, who seems to have gained Mao's favour as a possible successor, as well as Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Chairman Zhang Chunqiao and propaganda writer Yao Wenyuan, all of whom were elevated to the Politburo by the 10th Congress.

Jiang was elevated to national politics in 1987, automatically becoming a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee because it is customarily dictated that the Party Chief of Shanghai would also have a seat in the Politburo.

At the same time, Jiang elevated many of his supporters from Shanghai to high government positions, after regaining Deng's confidence.

When Jiang was elevated to national leadership in Beijing following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he brought Zeng Qinghong along as his trusted adviser.

Jiang, at the time, was the Shanghai Party Chief, the top figure in China's new economic center.

Although many believe Hu was originally hand-picked by Deng as the youngest member of China's top leadership and a leading candidate to succeed Jiang, he had exercised a great deal of political skills between 1992 and 2002 to consolidate his position, and eventually emerged as Jiang's heir apparent in his own right.

In February 2000 he and provincial Party Secretary Chen Mingyi were called before the top four members of the Party Central Politburo Standing Committee – General Secretary, President Jiang Zemin, Premier Zhu Rongji, Vice-President Hu Jintao and Discipline Inspection head Wei Jianxing to explain aspects of the Yuanhua scandal.

Chan plays a traveling acrobat named Jiang who bumbles his way into a job at the mansion.

Jiang doesn't get the body guard position, but cons his way into a job using his kung fu skills, and gets himself into the middle of some shady business.

When Yang Min ( 楊敏 ) criticized him for being ineffective and not being as good at his job as his predecessor, Jiang Wan's response was, " Indeed, I am not as good as my predecessor ," and he did not punish Yang Min.

* Jiang Zemin, General Secretary 1989 – 2002

Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 ) is a retired Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005.

Jiang Zemin came to power following Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, replacing Zhao Ziyang as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.

At the first meeting of the new Standing Committee of the Politburo, after the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, Jiang criticized the previous period as " hard on the economy, soft on politics " and advocated increasing political thought work.

As the Deputy chief of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee from 1989 to 1993, Zeng guided Jiang, an outsider to national politics, through the inner workings of the party, military and bureaucratic structure in Beijing.

Yang reached the height of his political career after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, but his organized opposition to Jiang Zemin's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire.

Although the former Tianjin mayor has the same seniority as President Jiang Zemin, he has been relegated to the sidelines by Jiang since 1989.

The transition towards the third generation of leaders began in 1989 when, in the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Deng Xiaoping nominated Jiang Zemin to succeed Zhao Ziyang as formal leader of the Communist Party of China.

The initial members of the third generation were mostly survivors from before 1989, including Jiang Zemin, Li Peng ( who continued as premier ), Qiao Shi and Li Ruihuan.

#* Significance: first Party Congress after the Tiananmen Square protests of April – June 1989 and the violent crackdown of 3 – 4 June 1989 ; Jiang Zemin's position as CPC General Secretary, Chairman of the ( CPC ) Central Military Commission ratified ; Hu Jintao makes first appearance on Politburo Standing Committee.

He was a strong supporter of Jiang Zemin's rise to power, and during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Li was one of the hardline Party elders who pushed for a strong response to the demonstrations, and supported premier Li Peng's desire to use military force to suppress the protests.

The phrase was first used by former President Jiang Zemin in December 1989 when he met the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

After the 1989 crackdown, Bo Yibo helped ensure the ascent of Jiang Zemin to succeed Deng Xiaoping as the leader of the Party and helped Jiang consolidate power in the 1990s.

In the People's Republic of China, Deng Xiaoping formally retired after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, to be succeeded by former Shanghai mayor Jiang Zemin.

The inflation trends of the years leading up to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 had subsided by the early 1990s, as Jiang Zemin and the new generation of leadership attempted to calm any economic influx.

The group-comprising the parents, friends and relatives of victims of the massacre, formed in September 1989 when Ding, along with her husband Jiang Peikun, met another mother, Zhang Xianling, whose 19 year old son was also killed on June 4, 1989.