In 2005, Gerald Casale announced his " solo " project, Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers ( the Evildoers themselves including the other members of Devo ), and released the first EP, Army Girls Gone Wild in 2006.

This is also a popular theme in science-fiction novels and movies ; some raise the same question ( Dune's Butlerian Jihad, for example ), while others explore what the relationship between human beings and machines with artificial intelligence would be, and even whether AI is desirable.

* The April 1983 U. S. Embassy bombing ( by the Islamic Jihad Organization ),

* The 1983 Beirut barracks bombing ( by the Islamic Jihad Organization ), that killed 241 U. S. marines, 58 French paratroopers and 6 civilians at the US and French barracks in Beirut

Jihad has been classified either as al-jihād al-akbar ( the greater jihad ), the struggle against one's ego or self ( nafs ), or al-jihād al-asghar ( the lesser jihad ), the external, physical effort, often implying fighting ( this is similar to the shiite view of jihad as well ).

* Jihad by the sword ( jihad bis saif ) refers to qital fi sabilillah ( armed fighting in the way of God, or holy war ), the most common usage by Salafi Muslims and offshoots of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.

The list: Al-Qaida / Islamic Army, Abu Sayyaf Group, Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ), Harakat ul-Mujahidin ( HUM ), Al-Jihad ( Egyptian Islamic Jihad ), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan ( IMU ), Asbat al-Ansar, Salafist Group for Call and Combat ( GSPC ), Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya ( AIAI ), Islamic Army of Aden, Osama bin Laden, Muhammad Atif ( aka, Subhi Abu Sitta, Abu Hafs Al Masri ) Sayf al-Adl, Shaykh Sai ' id ( aka, Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad ), Abu Hafs the Mauritanian ( aka, Mahfouz Ould al-Walid, Khalid Al-Shanqiti ), Ibn Al-Shaykh al-Libi, Abu Zubaydah ( aka, Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn, Tariq ), Abd al-Hadi al-Iraqi ( aka, Abu Abdallah ), Ayman al-Zawahiri, Thirwat Salah Shihata, Tariq Anwar al-Sayyid Ahmad ( aka, Fathi, Amr al-Fatih ), Muhammad Salah ( aka, Nasr Fahmi Nasr Hasanayn ), Makhtab Al-Khidamat / Al Kifah, Wafa Humanitarian Organization, Al Rashid Trust, Mamoun Darkazanli Import-Export Company

* Titan ( Dune ), a group of immortal cymeks in Brian Herbert's and Kevin J. Anderson's book The Butlerian Jihad

However, in 1959, the group's existence was attested to in the pages of a Palestinian nationalist magazine, Filastununa Nida al-Hayat ( Our Palestine, The Call of Life ), which was written and edited by Abu Jihad.

In God Emperor of Dune ( 1981 ), Leto Atreides II indicates that the Jihad had been a semi-religious social upheaval initiated by humans who felt repulsed by how guided and controlled they had become by machines:

At least two of the cellphone calls made by passengers indicate that all the hijackers they saw were wearing red bandanas, which some have questioned may have signified an allegiance to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.

At least two of the cellphone calls made by passengers indicate that all the hijackers they saw were wearing red bandanas, which some believe may have signified an allegiance to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.

* Palestinian Islamic Jihad

This action was taken after a long period of increasing tension between the two countries due to a series of cross-border incidents involving the Eritrean Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ).

The Second Intifada broke out in September 2000 with its waves of protest, civil unrest and bombings against Israeli military and civilians, many of them perpetrated by suicide bombers, and the beginning of rockets and bombings of Israeli border localities by Palestinian guerrillas from Gaza Strip, especially from Hamas and Jihad Islamic movements.

Subsequently, the Galatians continued to be subsumed into the Greek world until their culture was barely indistinguishable from the Greeks before disappearing under the Turkish and Islamic Jihad and Genocide of Byzantine Anatolia.

Whether the Islamic Jihad Organization ( IJO ) was a nom de guerre used by Hezbollah or a separate organization, is disputed.

Hezbollah leaders reportedly admitted their involvement in IJO's attacks and the nominal nature of " Islamic Jihad " – that it was merely a " telephone organization ," and whose name was " used by those involved to disguise their true identity.

The names Islamic Jihad Organization, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and the Revolutionary Justice Organization are considered to be synonymous with Hezbollah by the United States, Israel, and Canada.

Hezbollah nurtures the original ideas of Islamic Jihad.

The radical Islamists al-Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad reject entirely democracy and self-proclaimed Muslims they find overly moderate, and preach violent jihad, urging and conducting attacks on a religious basis.

The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981.

Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements, Islamic Jihad directed its attacks against what it believed were " apostate " leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western / foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies.

These groups include several mentioned above: al-Gama ' a al-Islamiyya ( Islamic Group ) of Egypt, Islamist groups in Algeria, Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Gaza and the West Bank, and Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda group.

Islamic Jihad may refer to:

* Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine

* Islamic Jihad Organization, active mostly in Lebanon

* Islamic Jihad of Yemen

* Turkish Islamic Jihad

* Egyptian Islamic Jihad

The Quran, however, never uses the term Jihad for fighting and combat in the name of Allah ; qital is used to mean “ fighting .” Jihad in the Quran was originally intended for the nearby neighbors of the Muslims, but as time passed and more enemies arose, the Quranic statements supporting Jihad were updated for the new adversaries.

Imams sponsored by the Kuomintang called for Muslims to go on Jihad to become shaheed ( Muslim term for martyr ) in battle, where Muslims believed they would go automatically to heaven.

Incidentally, " Jihad " is also the term used by Muslims, roughly translating to " the struggle ", or as a reference to the " Holy War ".

While the term " Jihad State " ( a territory that was established by political and religious Muslim leaders, often fittingly titled Emir, who conquer a region by offensive war, invoking Jihad bin saif in the sense of holy war to establish an Islamic rule in accordance with Qur ' anic injunctions ) most often refers to Fulbe jihad states in and around Nigeria, the order also gave rise to a few elsewhere in Western Africa, notably in present Mali.

Ye ' or further popularized the term in her books The Decline of Eastern Christianity: From Jihad to Dhimmitude and the 2003 followup Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide

Shahidka ( — feminine gender derivation from shahid ), sometimes called " Black Widow " or Chyornyye Vdovy in Russian, is a term for Islamist Chechen female suicide bombers, willing to be a martyr in the name of Islamist Jihad or holy war.

As Garfield's first follow-up to his popular Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, he was eager to prove that the genre was " a form of game as potentially diverse as board games " In 1995 the game was renamed from Jyhad to Vampire: The Eternal Struggle to increase its appeal and distance itself from the Islamic term Jihad

More than just economic, the crises that arise from these confrontations often take on a sacred quality to the tribal elements ; thus Barber's use of the term " Jihad " ( although in the second edition, he expresses regret at having used that term ).

The Imperial high council has lost the political initiative and is powerless to control the Jihad.

The Baron's most prominent political rival is Duke Leto Atreides ; the Harkonnens and the Atreides have been bitter enemies for millennia, since the Battle of Corrin that ended the Butlerian Jihad.

The fatwā also clarified that there is no Jihad in Kashmir or against India as freedom of religion is guaranteed by the state as any state that guarantees freedom of religion can not have Jihad sanctioned against it.

One of its established institutions, Jihad Al Binna's Reconstruction Campaign, is responsible for numerous economic and infrastructure development projects in Lebanon.

Jihad is an important religious duty for Muslims.

In Twelver Shi ' a Islam, however, Jihad is one of the 10 Practices of the Religion.

An accurate interpretation of the concept of Jihad is provided by the BBC about how Muslims describe three different types of struggles:

According to the Muslim Jurist Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, the quote in which Muhammad is reported to have said that greater Jihad is the inner struggle, is from an unreliable source:

" The best Jihad is the word of Justice in front of the oppressive Sultan.

In a battlefield context, when jihad is used to denote warfare, Ibn Nuhaas cited the following hadith to explain the meaning of the " best Jihad ":

In a similarly worded Hadith to the one above, Ibn Nuhaas cited a hadith from Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, where it states that the highest kind of Jihad, is "“ The person who is killed whilst spilling the last of his blood .” 4 / 144

More recently, modern Muslims have tried to re-interpret the Islamic sources, stressing that Jihad is essentially defensive warfare aimed at protecting Muslims and Islam.