Proposals to allow divorce were put by referendum by two Fine Gael – led governments, in 1986 under FitzGerald, and in 1995 under John Bruton, passing very narrowly on this second attempt.

* July 23 – At the Battle of Callann, the Normans, under John FitzGerald, 1st Baron Desmond, are defeated by the Gaelic forces of Fínghin Mac Carthaigh, King of Desmond.

This statement was criticised by the other leaders who forged the New-Ireland Forum, John Hume, Garret FitzGerald and Dick Spring.

Lemass remains one of the most highly regarded of Taoisigh, being described even by later Fine Gael Taoisigh Garret FitzGerald and John Bruton as the best holder of the office, and the man whose cabinet leadership style they wished to follow.

Grattan had married in 1782 Henrietta Fitzgerald, the daughter of Nicholas Fitzgerald of County Mayo ( d. 1761 ), a son of John FitzGerald and Elizabeth Browne.

Other Anglo-Irish scientists include George Johnstone Stoney, Thomas Romney Robinson, James MacCullagh, Edward Sabine, Thomas Andrews, William Parsons, George Salmon, George FitzGerald, and in the 20th century, John Joly and Ernest Walton.

Former Taoiseach and Fine Gael leader John Bruton said FitzGerald would ; stand out as a man who changed Ireland and that he had changed attitudes to in the Republic to Northern Ireland and to Europe and that he saw that Ireland could do best in Europe if it contributed creatively to goals and ambitions of other members.

From 1856 to 1874 Norton spent much time in travel and residence on the continent of Europe and in England, and it was during this period that his friendships began with Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Edward FitzGerald and Leslie Stephen, an intimacy which did much to bring American and English men of letters into close personal relation.

The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGerald.

* John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare ( 1250 – 1316 ), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving Edward Longshanks, King of England in Scotland

** John FitzGerald ( 1314 – 1323 ), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood

* John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare ( de jure ; d. 1427 ), a younger son of the 4th Earl

* John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare ( 1661 – 1707 ), only son of the 17th Earl, died without surviving issue

The heir presumptive is the 8th Duke's younger son Lord John FitzGerald ( b. 1952 )

# Lord John FitzGerald ( b. 1952 ) ( younger son of the 8th Duke )

# Edward FitzGerald ( b. 1988 ) ( only son of Lord John )

The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, as a baby in Woodstock Castle, was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him.

He is Fine Gael's first Taoiseach since John Bruton from 1994 to 1997, and the first Fine Gael leader to win government in an election since Garret FitzGerald in 1982.

Noonan has been a minister in every Fine Gael-led government since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny.

When FitzGerald resigned as Fine Gael leader after 1987 general election Barry was one of three candidates ( along with Alan Dukes and John Bruton ) who contested the leadership of Fine Gael.

John Fitzgerald, John FitzGerald, John Fitz Gerald, John Fitz-Gerald or variant, may refer to:

* John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry ( 1706 – 1741 ), Irish MP for Dingle

* 1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, English statesman ( d. 1840 )

* 1665 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician ( d. 1751 )

* 1840 – John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, English jurist and politician ( d. 1929 )

* Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza, son of John I of Portugal.

* 1628 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English statesman ( d. 1701 )

The title of Baron Abergavenny, in the Nevill family, dates from Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny ( d. 1476 ), who was the youngest son of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster.

* 1648 – John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, English statesman and poet ( d. 1721 )

The John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough | Duke of Marlborough's march from Bedburg ( near Cologne ) to the Danube.

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough ( 1650 – 1722 ) by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

* John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 1865 – 1868

* John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley 1891 – 1894

* John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley 1896 – 1902

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough was one of the first generals in the British Army, fighting campaigns in the War of the Spanish Succession.

* Hill, John E. Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE.

** John I, 6th Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Barcelos ( 1562 ).

Hoboken, N. J .: Wiley, John & Sons ; 1st edition.

By means of her mother, Catherine had a stronger legitimate claim to the English throne than King Henry VII himself through the first two wives of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster: Blanche of Lancaster and the Spanish Infanta Constance of Castile.

1st edition, July 1838 ( John Murray, London )

1st edition, Feb. 1863 ( John Murray, London )

The first holder of the title was John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough ( 1650 – 1722 ), the noted English general, and indeed an unqualified reference to the Duke of Marlborough in a historical text will almost certainly refer to him.

* John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough ( 1650 – 1722 ), became Duke of Marlborough in 1702

* John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough ( 1650 – 1722 ), soldier and statesman

:* John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford ( 1686 – 1703 ), elder son of the 1st Duke, died unmarried

* 1819 – John W. Geary, 1st Mayor of San Francisco ( d. 1873 )

Aberdeen married firstly Lady Catherine Elizabeth ( 1784 – 1812 ), daughter of John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn, and assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Hamilton in 1818.