Baldassarre Cossa ( c. 1370 – 21 December 1418 ) was Pope John XXIII ( 1410 – 1415 ) during the Western Schism.

Alexander V died soon after, and on 25 May 1410 Cossa was consecrated pope, taking the name John XXIII.

Once in office, John XXIII made the Medici Bank the bank of the papacy, contributing considerably to the family's wealth and prestige.

Tomb of Antipope John XXIII.

He should not be confused with Pope John XXIII of the twentieth century.

When Angelo Cardinal Roncalli was elected and became Pope John, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV ; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest.

* Tomb of Antipope John XXIII

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

Pope John XXIII also revised the Breviary in 1960, introducing changes drawn up by his predecessor Pope Pius XII.

In 1960 John XXIII simplified the rubrics governing the Breviary in order to make it easier to use.

Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, composed of six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons ; however, Pope John XXIII began to exceed the overall limit of 70, and this continued under his successors.

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees ( who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier ).

When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do.

In 1917 it was established that all cardinals, even cardinal deacons, had to be priests, and in 1962, John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be bishops.

Since the time of Pope John XXIII a priest who is appointed a cardinal must be consecrated a bishop, unless he obtains a dispensation.

Airless and dingy though it was, the attic represented luxury to a slave who had led a wretched life with six brothers and sisters and assorted relatives in a shanty at Bayou St. John.

Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

His second wife, Lillian, was the mother of John H. Mercer.

When he was fifteen John H. Mercer turned out his first song, a jazzy little thing he called `` Sister Susie, Strut Your Stuff ''.

John was away at school most of the time.

The outstanding example was in Garibaldi And The Thousand, where he made use of unpublished papers of Lord John Russell and English consular materials to reveal the motives which led the British government to permit Garibaldi to cross the Straits of Messina.

But because the governor was determined that friendship should not influence him one way or the other, he looked for a printer with a knowledge of the law ( which Woodruff did not have ), and awarded the contract to a lawyer named John Steele who had started a newspaper in Helena the year before.

Lady Greville, daughter of the late Lord Chancellor Bromley and niece of Sir John Fortescue, was offered twenty pounds by the townsmen to make peace ; ;

Victor's book on John Lloyd Stephens was largely written in my study in the house at Weston.

I never met John Dewey, whose style was a sort of verbal fog and who had written asking me to go to Mexico with him when he was investigating the cause of Trotsky ; ;

The third name was ( John ) Ravencroft, who was admitted to the Inner Temple in November 1631.

The fourth name was ( John ) Milton of Christ's College, followed by ( Richard ) Manningham of Peterhouse, who matriculated 16 October 1624.

( John ) Boutflower of Christ's was twelfth in the list, coming from Perse School under Mr. Lovering as pensioner 20 April 1625 under Mr. Alsop.

According to Friends, the unit was organized by John Snook, a former World War 2, commando who is vice president and general manager of the telephone company.

when his Holiness Pope John 23, first called for an Ecumenical Council, and at the same time voiced his yearning for Christian unity, the enthusiasm among Catholic and Protestant ecumenicists was immediate.

John was quietly insistent.

But Michael Sept had unmasked him, revealing he had never been a bishop, but was an Anabaptist, afraid to state his faith, because he knew John Calvin had written a book against their belief that the soul slept after death.

For an instant John was stunned.

He saw with John Hunter now that the perfectability of man was a dream.

This was built by John Templeman from plans submitted by James Finley of Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

Mr. John Magee, whose work has been discussed in this chapter, was quoted in a New Yorker Magazine profile as saying: `` Of course, you have to remember it's a good thing for us chartists that there aren't more of us.

From 1896 until 1910 John H. Whipple was manager of Western Union at the Center in the drugstore he purchased from Clark Wait.

In November 1900 surveying was done under John Marsden on the east mountains to ascertain if it would be possible to get sufficient water and fall to operate an electric power plant.

Thomas acknowledged that he returned to Wales when he had difficulty writing, and John Ackerman argues that " His inspiration and imagination were rooted in his Welsh background ".

These ranged from Royalists who wished to place King Charles II on the throne, to men like Oliver Cromwell, who wished to govern with a Parliament voted in by an electorate determined by property ownership, similar to that enfranchised before the civil war, to the Levellers, influenced by the writings of John Lilburne, who wanted parliamentary government based on an electorate constituted of every head of household ( normally though not necessarily male as was acknowledged in the Putney Debates ), through to other groups with smaller followings like the Fifth Monarchists, Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers, the Ranters, and the Society of Friends ( Quakers ).

The differences between the Synoptics and John were acknowledged in the early Church.

In 1490 John was able to purchase the former Lusatian territory around Zossen, acknowledged by the Bohemian king Vladislaus II, and maintained the succession claims of the Hohenzollern dynasty to the Pomeranian lands held by the House of Griffins.

However, in 2001 Pope John Paul II acknowledged Dupuis's ' pioneering ' work on the meaning of other religions in " God's plan of salvation of mankind ".

Richard also had two acknowledged illegitimate children: John of Gloucester, also known as " John of Pontefract ", and a daughter Katherine who married William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1484.

The Vatican Persian cock denoting a sacred and religious vessel acknowledged by and from the Vatican, " a girt one of the loins " of Proverbs 30: 31, the Hebrew zarzir, Arabic sarsar, Greek alektor, French coq, Persian bird, Persian cock or the acknowledged rooster from the Hebrew Torah, the Christian Old Testament, the Holy Scriptures of Job, Isaiah and of the Apostles John, Luke, Matthew and Mark, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ may still further be viewed through " A Dictionary of the Bible " which tells us that " Pindar ( ca.

John Shoch, a member of the LRG at PARC, acknowledged in his 1979 paper Smalltalk's debt to Plato's theory of forms in which an ideal archetype becomes the template from which other objects are derived.

The family of Neame were relative latecomers in the overall development of the Shepherd Neame Brewery but, as substantial property owners in the district, Charles Neame of Harefield Court and John Neame of Selling Court were acknowledged to be among the most valuable hop growers in East Kent.

There was also doubt about the authority of 3 John, with Eusebius listing it and 2 John as " disputed books " despite describing them as " well-known and acknowledged by most.

" Guitarist Richard Thompson has openly acknowledged the album's influence on Fairport Convention's Liege and Lief, and journalist John Harris has suggested that The Band's debut also influenced the spirit of The Beatles ' back-to-basics album Let It Be as well as The Rolling Stones ' string of roots-infused albums that began with Beggars Banquet.

Such songwriters as Bob Dylan, Phil Ochs, Bruce Springsteen, John Mellencamp, Pete Seeger, Joe Strummer, Billy Bragg, Jeff Tweedy and Tom Paxton have acknowledged Guthrie as a major influence.

The writer's true identity was not revealed until 10 years ago, when, in an interview with John de St Jorre, a British journalist and some-time foreign correspondent of The Observer, an impeccably dressed 86-year-old intellectual called Dominique Aury acknowledged that the fantasies of castles, masks and debauchery were hers.

# Barbara ( Benedicta ) Fitzroy ( 1672 – 1737 ) – She was probably the child of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough, who was another of Cleveland's many lovers, and was never acknowledged by Charles as his own daughter.

Henry acknowledged the necessity of marrying Elizabeth to secure the stability of his rule and weaken the claims of other surviving members of the House of York, but he insisted on being king due to a tenuous claim of inheritance from John of Gaunt, ruling in his own right, and not by his marriage to the heir of the House of York, and had no intention of sharing power.

Insightful book about the application of General Semantics to psychotherapy ; was an acknowledged influence on Richard Bandler and John Grinder in their formulation of Neuro-Linguistic Programming.

Segovia influenced a generation of classical guitarists who built on his technique and musical sensibility, including such luminaries as Christopher Parkening, Julian Bream, John Williams ( guitarist ) and Oscar Ghiglia, all of whom have acknowledged their debt to him.

At the time, the Chicago Tribunes movie critic, Michael Wilmington, called Hell's Hinges " Hart's acknowledged masterpiece ," " perhaps the finest movie Western made before John Ford's 1939 Stagecoach ," and " as emotionally powerful as any American film of the teens, except for the masterpieces of D. W. Griffith and Erich Von Stroheim.

Australian architectural historian John James, who made a detailed study of the cathedral, has estimated that there were about 300 men working on the site at any one time, although it has to be acknowledged that our knowledge of working practices at this time is somewhat limited.

John declined Abigail's " extraordinary code of laws ," but acknowledged to Abigail, " We have only the name of masters, and rather than give up this, which would completely subject us to the despotism of the petticoat, I hope General Washington and all our brave heroes would fight.

1 The courteous assistance of John E. Martin, esq., town clerk of Sand Lake, in compiling these lists of town officers, is gratefully acknowledged.