Furthermore, it has been established that a substantial portion of it was taken, without citation, from a 1864 satire on Napoleon III by one Maurice Joly ( his French language work, The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu )-so that it also constitutes plagiarism.

The cohesion-tension theory is a theory of intermolecular attraction commonly observed in the process of water traveling upwards ( against the force of gravity ) through the xylem of plants which was put forward by John Joly and Henry Horatio Dixon.

John Joly FRS ( 1 November 1857 – 8 December 1933 ) was an Irish physicist, famous for his development of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer.

Joly was born in Holywood House ( the Church of Ireland Rectory ), Bracknagh, County Offaly, Ireland.

He was a second cousin of Charles Jasper Joly, the astronomer.

Joly joined the Royal Dublin Society in 1881 while still a student, and was a frequent contributor of papers.

Joly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1892, was awarded the Boyle Medal of the Royal Dublin Society in 1911, the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1910, and the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London in 1923.

In 1930 Oliver Sheppard was commissioned by Trinity College Dublin and the Royal Dublin Society to make them copies of a bust of Joly.

In 1879, Mercier was appointed Solicitor General of Quebec in the Cabinet of Premier Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière and served in that position for less than a year.

* The world-famous scientist John Joly was born at Bracknagh in 1857.

The simpler and somewhat more economical alternative was the Joly Screen process.

This was the invention of Irish scientist John Joly, although he, like so many other inventors, eventually discovered that his basic concept had been anticipated in Louis Ducos du Hauron's long-since-expired 1868 patent.

Although much simpler than the Kromskop system, the Joly system was not inexpensive.

José Manuel Joly Braga Santos, (; May 14, 1924 – July 18, 1988 ) was a Portuguese composer and conductor, who was born and died in Lisbon.

José Manuel Joly Braga Santos was born in Lisbon in 1924 and died in this city in 1988, at the peak of his musical creativity.

In 1977, Joly Braga Santos was distinguished with the Order of Santiago de Espada by President of the Republic of Portugal.

Joly was born in Beirut, Lebanon to British parents and speaks French in addition to English.

Joly was educated in the UK, at two famous independent schools: first to The Dragon School in the city of Oxford in Oxfordshire, and then to Haileybury and Imperial Service College, near the county town of Hertford in Hertfordshire, followed by the University of London ( at the School of Oriental and African Studies ), in Central London.

Discovering that working in comedy was both easier and more fun than his previous employment, Joly began to develop Trigger Happy TV which had a similar structure to War of the Flea.

Joly was nominated for three British Comedy Awards for the show, won the Silver Rose of Montreux, the BBC2 Award for Best Comedy and the Loaded / Goodfella Comedy Newcomer of the Year.

A spoof documentary about Joly followed, called Being Dom Joly which was produced and written by Joly himself.

" Joly Herman of Commonsense media describes the show as a " cute, highly stylized series thrills the senses with its strange characters, funny situations, and lots of lowbrow humor " she goes on to say however, that the show does go from innocent to violent in no time and that there is not much protecting young viewers against the violent undertones.

The ship on the left is La Belle ( ship ) | La Belle, in the middle is Le Joly, and L ' Aimable is to the right.

Joly Braga Santos also wrote three operas, chamber music for a wide variety of instruments and ensembles, film scores, and several choral works based on poems from the great classical and modern Portuguese and Spanish poets such as Camões, Antero de Quental, Teixeira de Pascoaes, Fernando Pessoa, Garcilaso de la Vega, Antonio Machado and Rosalía de Castro.

Joly Braga Santos lectured on composition at the National Conservatoire of Lisbon, where he introduced the chair of Musical Analysis.

After being recruited to work as a producer on ITN's House to House, a political discussion programme on Channel 4, Joly went on to work for The Mark Thomas Comedy Product because of his political knowledge.

In 1999, following a successful fifteen-minute pilot on the Comedy Lab, Channel 4 commissioned Joly to make a TV series.

Though Joly did cameo sporadically on the show, he was very unhappy with the programme and called it " Trigger Happy by numbers-take joke, put it in slo-mo, add fluffy animals and random indie soundtrack-it was made by uncaring idiots ".

Following the success of Trigger Happy TV on Channel 4, Joly was secured by the BBC for a rumoured £ 5 million.

However, his first show for the BBC, This is Dom Joly, a spoof chatshow in which Joly played an appallingly egotistical media character who had the same name as him, thereby confusing a lot of the audience as to what was real and what wasn't, did not achieve the same success as Trigger Happy TV, leading to the hidden camera format being revamped on BBC1 as World Shut Your Mouth.

In 2005, Joly starred in a one-off documentary as part of a series on Sky One.

In 2009, Joly fronted a show titled Made In Britain, shown on the Blighty channel in the UK.

In the show Joly goes on a road-trip around the UK looking at what is still made there after his house is emptied of everything not made in Britain.

Joly also writes a weekly column on the " Weird World of Sport " for The Independent Sports supplement on Mondays.

At the end of 2006 readers of the paper were asked to vote on where Joly would go every week.

In September 2008 Joly won an award at the 2008 Canada Media Awards for " Best Travel Piece "-the piece was written for the Mail on Sunday about a trip to Muskoka, Canada.

In the book Joly travels to places that witnessed great tragedy and death, including Chernobyl, which he visited on 4 May 2009, his childhood home of Lebanon, North Korea, various locations in the United States ( visiting the places of famous assassinations ), the Killing Fields of Cambodia and Iran for a skiing holiday.

In the 1997 UK general election Joly formed the Teddy Bear Alliance (" Mr Blair, where do you stand on fleas?

Joly decided to pay a weird homage to The Beatles concert on a roof and filmed the band performing in cat costumes on the roof of a building opposite the Groucho Club in Soho.

Joly made two series and two Christmas specials before announcing that he wanted to do other things.

A new series of Trigger Happy TV was made for an American audience in 2003 with an altered format in that it featured a band of different " comedians " who performed skits without Joly.

His next project for Sky One was a critically acclaimed spoof travel series supposedly investigating attitudes to alcohol around the world, entitled Dom Joly's Happy Hour, in which Joly teamed up with his friend, Canadian digital artist Peter Wilkins.

His father, Gaspard-Pierre-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, was a pioneer of early photography ( the first man to photograph the Acropolis, in 1839 ) who made a series of daguerreotypes while on a Grand Tour through Greece, Egypt and the Holy Land.

The original British edition of the show, produced by Absolutely Productions, starred Dom Joly and ran for two series on the British television channel Channel 4 from 2000 to 2003.

* The signature sketch of the series sees Joly innocuously present in a public location, often a place of relative quiet such as an art gallery, a library or an internet cafe, when a loud Nokia ring tone sounds.

A spoof documentary about Joly followed the original three series, called Being Dom Joly which was produced and written by Joly himself.

The advert was famously spoofed by Dom Joly in the British sketch series Trigger Happy TV where Dom would knock on doors presenting the ' zap mega ' challenge.

Decker also appeared in the British comedy series Trigger Happy TV in which she appeared in a " bull in a china shop " sketch ( the joke being that she had previously had a hit with the song, " China in Your Hand "), and in another sketch where she accompanied Dom Joly as he pretended to be a door-to-door salesman.