The true beginning of atomic physics is marked by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to describe the phenomenon, most notably by Joseph von Fraunhofer.

* Joseph von Hazzi ( 1768 – 1845 ): Bavarian Privy Councillor

* 1873 – Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic Sea.

However, the details of the story are at best uncertain ( see for discussion of the original Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen source and the changes in other versions ); some authors, such as Joseph Rotman in his book A first course in Abstract Algebra, question whether it ever happened.

The first duke was also honoured with Imperial titles: Emperor Joseph I created him a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1704, and in 1705, he was created Imperial Prince of Mindelheim ( once the lordship of the noted soldier Georg von Frundsberg ).

Through such people as Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Thomas Edison, Ottó Bláthy, Ányos Jedlik, Sir Charles Parsons, Joseph Swan, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, Alexander Graham Bell and Lord Kelvin, electricity was turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.

The longest single English translation was published in 1834 by Ritter Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, an Austrian Orientalist ; it may be found under the name " Evliya Efendi.

Ritter Joseph von Hammer.

Moving images were produced on revolving drums and disks in the 1830s with independent invention by Simon von Stampfer ( Stroboscope ) in Austria, Joseph Plateau ( Phenakistoscope ) in Belgium and William Horner ( zoetrope ) in Britain.

* 1797 – Joseph von Radowitz, Prussian statesman and general ( d. 1853 )

* 1727 – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian scientist ( d. 1817 )

* 1826 – Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet ( d. 1886 )

Some Catholics, mainly of German language and largely inspired by the historian Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger ( who did not formally join the new group ) formed the separate Old Catholic Church in protest.

There, he received a liberal education at the Lyceum, and Karl J. Windischmann drew his attention to the languages and literature of the East ( Windischmann, along with Georg Friedrich Creuzer, Johann Joseph von Görres, and the brothers Schlegel, expressed great enthusiasm for Indian wisdom and philosophy ).

Important figures in the first years were – among others – Petra Kelly, Lukas Beckmann, Rudolf Bahro, Joseph Beuys, Antje Vollmer, Rudi Dutschke, Undine von Blottnitz, Joschka Fischer, Herbert Gruhl and Baldur Springmann.

Aside from Hoffmann and de la Motte Fouqué, three other important authors from the era were Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff ( The Marble Statue, 1819 ), Ludwig Achim von Arnim ( Die Majoratsherren, 1819 ) and Adelbert von Chamisso ( Peter Schlemihls wundersame Geschichte, 1814 ).

He also worked on the scripts for Honesty-The Best Policy in 1926 and Joseph von Sternberg's Underworld in 1927, famous for being one of the first gangster film.

The term was originally coined by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling ( 1775 – 1854 ) to depict early stages of monotheism, however Max Müller ( 1823 – 1900 ), a German philologist and orientalist, brought the term into common usage.

Following the Allied invasion of Italy and the fall of Benito Mussolini in September, he and Joachim von Ribbentrop raised with Hitler the possibility of secretly approaching Joseph Stalin and negotiating a separate peace behind the backs of the western Allies.

* 1826 – Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist ( b. 1787 )

* 1757 – Battle of Kolín between Prussian forces under Frederick the Great and an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in the Seven Years ' War.

During the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact negotiations, Ribbentrop was overjoyed by a report from his Ambassador in Moscow, Count Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg, of a speech by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin before the 18th Party Congress in March 1939 that was strongly anti-Western, which Schulenburg reported meant that the Soviet Union might be seeking an accord with Germany.

* Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering discover that barbitone ( barbital or Veronal ) is an effective hypnotic agent.

* Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski at the University of Strasbourg demonstrate that a function of the mammalian pancreas is to produce the hormone insulin, the lack of which leads to diabetes mellitus.

The first barbiturate drug, barbital, was synthesized in 1902 by German chemists Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering and was first marketed as Veronal by Friedr.

* Joseph von Mering, Oskar Minkowski: Diabetes mellitus nach Pankreasextirpation.

Other famous scholars who have taught at the University of Vienna are: Theodor W. Adorno, Manfred Bietak, Theodor Billroth, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Anton Bruckner, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtes, Viktor Frankl, Sigmund Freud, Eduard Hanslick, Edmund Hauler, Hans Kelsen, Adam František Kollár, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Fran Miklošič, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Pope Pius II, Baron Carl von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Ludwig Karl Schmarda, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Leopold Vietoris, Jalile Jalil, Carl Auer von Welsbach, and Olga Taussky-Todd.

It houses a collection of 20th-century modern art — from Pablo Picasso to Oskar Schlemmer, Joan Miró and Joseph Beuys.

The Dial published art as well as poetry and essays, with artists ranging from Vincent van Gogh, Renoir, Henri Matisse, and Odilon Redon, through Oskar Kokoschka, Constantin Brâncuşi, and Edvard Munch, and Georgia O ' Keeffe and Joseph Stella.

He had an illustrious list of godparents, including the German Emperor and Empress, his maternal grandparents ; the Duke and Duchess of Cumberland, his paternal grandparents ; George V of the United Kingdom, Franz Joseph of Austria, Nicholas II of Russia, Ludwig III of Bavaria, Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prince Adalbert of Prussia, Prince Oskar of Prussia, Prince Maximilian of Baden and The 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Regiment.

It must have been with some pleasure and relief that on September 12, 1848, Joseph Brown made the momentous entry in his job book, in his characteristically cryptic style, `` Lucian Sharpe came to work for me this day as an apprentice ''.

The charge that the federal indictment of three Chicago narcotics detail detectives `` is the product of rumor, combined with malice, and individual enmity '' on the part of the federal narcotics unit here was made yesterday in their conspiracy trial before Judge Joseph Sam Perry in federal District court.

In February 1883, just before the disputed Fourth Test, a velvet bag made by Mrs Ann Fletcher, the daughter of Joseph Hines Clarke and Marion Wright, both of Dublin, was given to Bligh to contain the urn.

The tower is decorated with monograms of Jesus ( JHS ), Maria ( M with the ducal crown ) and Joseph ( JHP ), made ​​ of ceramic pieces that stand out golden on the green background that covers the facade.

Shortly after Lincoln's death, Gen. William T. Sherman reported he had, without consulting Washington, reached an armistice agreement with Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, an agreement which was unacceptable to the President and outraged Stanton, since it made no provision for emancipation of slaves or freedmen's rights.

A significant contribution to the chemistry of alkaloids in the early years of its development was made by the French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, who discovered quinine ( 1820 ) and strychnine ( 1818 ).

Also, George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz ( another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents ) and David Korten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Joseph Priestley, Humphry Davy, Linus Pauling, Gilbert N. Lewis, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Robert Burns Woodward, and Fritz Haber also made notable contributions.

The suggestion that this newly discovered gas was a simple element was made in 1809 by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques.

Stone and bone needles found in ancient tombs have made Joseph Needham speculate that acupuncture might have originated in the Shang dynasty.

In 1824, Joseph Aspdin patented a similar material, which he called Portland cement, because the render made from it was in color similar to the prestigious Portland stone.

The first cement to consistently contain alite was made by Joseph Aspdin's son William in the early 1840s.

Edouard van Beneden and Theodor Boveri made the first observation and identification of centrioles in 1883 and 1888 respectively, while the pattern of centriole replication was first worked out independently by Etienne de Harven and Joseph G. Gall circa 1950

In 1953 the Republican's Old Guard presented Eisenhower with a dilemma by insisting he disavow the Yalta Agreements as beyond the constitutional authority of the Executive Branch ; however, the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 made the matter a practical moot point.

The Church of Christ ( Temple Lot ) contends that the thousands of changes made to the original revelations as published in the Book of Commandments ( including the change of the church's name ) are not doctrinal and result from Joseph Smith's fall from his original calling.

The 19th-century French mathematician Joseph Fourier made important contributions based on the idea that physical laws like

Rohrabacher claims that the introductions were made in good faith, were nothing that was not done regularly for legitimate causes, and that the introductions have only become an issue because of Joseph Medawar's misdeeds.

Louis XVI had made secret requests to Emperor Joseph II of Austria, Marie-Antoinette's brother, to restore him to his throne.

The first EVA repairs of a spacecraft were made by Charles " Pete " Conrad, Joseph Kerwin and Paul J. Weitz on May 26, June 7 and June 19, 1973, on the Skylab 2 mission.

When Napoleon I ordered the invasion of Portugal in 1807 because it refused to join the Continental System, the Portuguese Braganças moved their capital to Rio de Janeiro to avoid the fate of the Spanish Bourbons ( Napoleon I arrested them and made his brother Joseph king ).

The " patriarchal history " recounts the events of the major patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, to whom God reveals himself and to whom the promise of descendants and land is made, while the story of Joseph serves to take the Israelites into Egypt in preparation for the next book, Exodus.

All expressions of public opinion were controlled by Hitler's propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, who made effective use of film, mass rallies, and Hitler's hypnotic speaking.