Vermes states that if the Testimonium had been the work of a Christian forger, it would have placed blame on the Jewish leaders, but as is it is " perfectly in line " with the atitude of Josephus towards Pilate.

the emigrations of the Alans seem to have been directed westward to the Lower Don ; here they are placed in the first century by Josephus and by the Armenian writers ; and hence they are found issuing in the third century to ravage the rich provinces of Asia Minor.

Josephus, writing in about AD 90 ( Jewish Antiquities 4. 8. 44 ), placed the city between Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal.

This is reiterated in as well as later histories such as Josephus ' Jewish Antiquities i. vi. 2, which placed them explicitly in Egypt and the Sefer haYashar 10 which describes them living by the Nile.

It later became apparent that this genus should be subdivided, and in 1768, the Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti placed the common toad in the genus Bufo, naming it Bufo bufo.

According to Josephus: " When he had seized upon two villages, which were in the very midst of Idumea, Betaris, and Caphartobas, he slew above ten thousand of the people, and carried into captivity above a thousand, and drove away the rest of the multitude, and placed no small part of his own forces in them, who overran and laid waste the whole mountainous country.

Josephus related the Biblical figure Gomer to Galatia ( or perhaps to Gaul in general ): " For Gomer founded those whom the Greeks now call Galatians, but were then called Gomerites.

Josephus claimed the Gauls were descended from Gomer, the grandson of Noah.

Josephus claimed the Phrygians were founded by the biblical figure Togarmah, grandson of Japheth and son of Gomer: " and Thrugramma the Thrugrammeans, who, as the Greeks resolved, were named Phrygians ".

Jerome ( c. 390 ) and Isidore of Seville ( c. 600 ) followed Josephus ' identification of Gomer with the Galatians, Gauls and Celts.

The descendants of Lud are usually, following Josephus, connected with various Anatolian peoples, particularly Lydia ( Assyrian Luddu ) and their predecessors, the Luwians ; cf.

For the Jews slew him, although he was a most just man .” However, this statement does not appear in the extant manuscripts of Josephus.

For example, Josephus ' description of the death of John the Baptist includes consideration of his virtues, the theology associated with his baptismal practices, his oratorical skills, his influence, the circumstances of his death, and the belief that the destruction of Herod's army was a divine punishment for Herod's slaughter of John.

For many years, printed editions of the works of Josephus appeared only in an imperfect Latin translation from the original Greek.

For example Josephus ( c. AD 37 Jerusalem – c. 100 ) gives the following directions for pulling it up:

For an extensive discussion of the scholarly arguments regarding these Josephus passages, see the article Josephus on Jesus.

For example, Josephus employed scribes to copy his Antiquities of the Jews.

For instance, there were literary writers such as Strabo, Plutarch, and Josephus who intentionally withdrew from this way of expression ( classical Greek ) in favor of the common form of Greek.

For example, the " Song of the Sea " sung by Moses and the people of Israel after their deliverance at the Red Sea is completely omitted in Josephus ' text.

For example, Josephus records that Alexander Yannai fought against the Pharisees for six years, " and.

In Antiquities of the Jews Josephus states that Judas, along with Zadok the Pharisee founded the " fourth sect ", of 1st century Judaism ( the first three are the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes ).

According to the 1st century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus it was he who founded Armenia.

Joseph Calasanctius ( also known as Joseph Calasanz or José de Calasanz, and whose religious name was Josephus a Matre Dei ), who was born in 1556 or 1557, founded the Order and had it initially recognized as a religious congregation by the Holy See on 25 March 1617.

Josephus, a contemporary, reports that " Jerusalem ... was so thoroughly razed to the ground by those that demolished it to its foundations, that nothing was left that could ever persuade visitors that it had once been a place of habitation.

The 2nd century chronicler Hegesippus also left an account of the death of James, and while the details he provides diverge from those of Josephus, the two accounts share similar elements.

And again in his Commentary on Matthew ( Book X, Chapter 17 ) Origen refers to Josephus ' Antiquities of the Jews by name and that Josephus had stated that the death of James had brought a wrath upon those who had killed him.

In item 20 of that chapter Eusebius then mentions Josephus ' reference to the death of James and the sufferings that befell those who killed him.

An issue that is subject to more debate is that in Commentary on Matthew ( Book X, Chapter 17 ), Origen cites Josephus as stating the death of James had brought a wrath upon those who had killed him, and that his death was the cause of the destruction of Jerusalem.

In Book II, Chapter 23. 20 of his Church History, Eusebius mentions Josephus ' reference to the death of James and the sufferings that befell those who killed him.

Wells further states that differences between the Josephus account and those of Hegesippus and Clement of Alexandria may point to interpolations in the James passage.

According to Van Voorst, the statement " those that loved him at the first did not forsake him " has the characteristics of Josephus ' writing and points to the continuation of Christianity.

It has been suggested that the other ten names are those of the men chosen by lot to kill the others and then themselves, as recounted by Josephus. View facing east from Masada.

Josephus argued that while the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy, the Jews were unique in that they had a system of government that did not fit into those categories.

The person executed may have been attached to the cross by rope, though nails are mentioned in a passage by the Judean historian Josephus, where he states that at the Siege of Jerusalem ( 70 ), " the soldiers out of rage and hatred, nailed those they caught, one after one way, and another after another, to the crosses, by way of jest.

Other arguments against historicity include the silence of Josephus ( who does record several other examples of Herod ’ s willingness to commit such acts to protect his power, noting that he " never stopped avenging and punishing every day those who had chosen to be of the party of his enemies ") and the views that the story is an apologetic device or a constructed fulfilment of prophesy.

In this region, bordering the Sea of Galilee, was the highly fertile plain of Gennesaret, characterised by Josephus as the ambition of nature, an earthly paradise, and with the southern portion of the region acting as a natural pass between the highlands of Canaan, several major roads ( such as those from Damascus to Tyre and Acre ) ran through it.

:" and great was the surprise of those who viewed these curtains at a distance, for they seemed not at all to differ from the color of the sky " — Josephus ( c. 94 CE )

It too follows the original biblical account and includes additional traditions matching those found in the Greek version and Josephus ( whom the author claims as a source ) with the exception of the details of the letters found in the latter works.

Jewish traditions are split between those, like Josephus, who consider Ishmael the ancestor of the Arabs, and those, like Maimonides, who believe that the northern Arabs are descended from the sons of Keturah, whom Abraham married after Sarah's death.

Most of the ancient witnesses group him together with Berossos, and treat the pair as similar in spirit, and it is no coincidence that those who preserved the bulk of their writing are largely the same ( Josephus, Africanus, Eusebius, and Syncellus ).

* There follows a summary of Abraham's career based on the Biblical account with the some changes and details similar to those found in the Genesis Apocryphon and Josephus and in Enochite tradition.

And the writers on Athenian history, Hellanicus and Philochorus ( who wrote Atthis ), Castor and Thallus and Alexander Polyhistor, and also those most wise of men, Philo and Josephus ... these men mention Moses, as they do the very old and ancient origin of the Jews.

The identication sometimes made with a certain Thallus of Samaria who is mentioned in some editions of Josephus ' Antiquities ( 18. 167 ) fails because that name only appears in those editions because of an idiosyncratic alteration of the text by John Hudson in 1720.

Josephus reports that Ananus ' act was widely viewed as little more than judicial murder, and offended a number of " those who were considered the most fair-minded people in the City ".

According to Josephus, the Roman siege towers at Jotapata were 50 feet high and iron-plated to protect them from fire ; those at Masada were reported to be 75 feet high.