According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially " fascinated the academic world " and appeared to offer a less " facile and superficial " understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.

Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory, revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits, Interest and Investment ( 1939 ) and The Pure Theory of Capital ( 1941 ), but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were largely ignored, except for scathing critiques by Nicholas Kaldor.

Following the release of this play, and the sad death of Russell Hunter, it was generally assumed that the Kaldor City audios had reached a natural end.

This was a 20 minute play featuring Paul Darrow and Peter Miles reprising roles they had played in the Kaldor City series, written by Alan Stevens and Fiona Moore for release on the CD The Actor Speaks: Paul Darrow, produced by MJTV.

Stevens also produced a series of audio dramas called Kaldor City, created by Chris Boucher, which link the Blake's 7 universe into Boucher's Doctor Who serial The Robots of Death through the character Carnell ( Scott Fredericks ), whom Boucher created for the Blake's 7 episode Weapon.

Aside from country, pop and rock performers, the Prairie Provinces have produced singer-songwriters such as Buffy Sainte-Marie, Jann Arden, Neil Young, Eamon McGrath, Burton Cummings, Connie Kaldor, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Feist, Tegan and Sara, k. d.

* the Kaldor City series, produced by Magic Bullet Productions, which expands on the setting and characters created for the serial The Robots of Death and also ties in with the BBC television series Blake's 7 ; and

He left the group in 1971 to produce a number of prominent Canadian artists and groups including Susan Jacks, Valdy, Shari Ulrich, Roy Forbes, UHF and Connie Kaldor.

The main authors of the appeal were British – E. P. Thompson, Mary Kaldor, Dan Smith and Ken Coates – and it was launched at a press conference in the House of Commons.

Subsequently, British END published a series of pamphlets through Merlin Press and a bi-monthly magazine, European Nuclear Disarmament Journal, which was edited by Mary Kaldor.

The term “ stylized facts ” was introduced by the economist Nicholas Kaldor in the context of a debate on economic growth theory in 1961, expanding on model assumptions made in a 1957 paper.

Using Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, an outcome is more efficient if those that are made better off could in theory compensate those that are made worse off, so that a Pareto improving outcome results.

However, it would be a Kaldor – Hicks improvement, as Person A could theoretically give Person B anywhere between 1 and 10 sheep to accept this alternative situation.

Thus, the Kaldor test supposes that losers could prevent the arrangement and asks whether gainers value their gain so much they would and could pay losers to accept the arrangement, whereas the Hicks test supposes that gainers are able to proceed with the change and asks whether losers consider their loss to be worth less than what it would cost them to pay gainers to agree not to proceed with the change.

This is effectively an application of the Kaldor – Hicks criterion, because it is equivalent to requiring that the benefits should be enough that those that benefit could in theory compensate those that have lost out.

For example, a voluntary exchange that creates pollution would be a Kaldor – Hicks improvement if the buyers and sellers are still willing to carry out the transaction even if they have to fully compensate the victims of the pollution.

For instance, Tibor Scitovsky demonstrated that the Kaldor criterion alone is not antisymmetric: it's possible to have a situation where an outcome A is an improvement ( according to the Kaldor criterion ) over outcome B, but B is also an improvement over A.

The combined Kaldor – Hicks criterion does not have this problem, but it can be non-transitive ( A may be an improvement over B, and B over C, but A may not be an improvement over C ).

John Hicks & Samuel Hollander, Nicholas Kaldor, Luigi L. Pasinetti, and Paul A. Samuelson have presented formal models as part of their respective interpretations of classical political economy.

Festival headliners over the years have included The Levon Helm Band, Jim Cuddy, Feist, Kris Kristofferson, Rufus Wainwright, Valdy, David Wiffen, Murray McLauchlan, Quartette, Bruce Cockburn, The Sadies, Roy Forbes, Connie Kaldor, Broken Social Scene, Martin Sexton, Jerry Douglas, Jane Siberry, Blackie and the Rodeo Kings, Jorane, Jesse Cook, Odetta ( well remembered for a powerful acoustic performance from the CUPE Main Stage during a power outage ), Kate and Anna McGarrigle, John Prine, Stephen Fearing, Richard Thompson, Buffy Sainte-Marie, La Bottine Souriante, Emmylou Harris, Arlo Guthrie, Natalie MacMaster, Steve Earle, Sarah Harmer, and Ron Sexsmith.

These have included Sir John and Lady Ursula Hicks, Edmond Malinvaud, Frank Hahn, Jacques Drèze, Jean Drèze, James Tobin, James Meade, Joan Robinson, Milton Friedman, Michael Kalecki, Nicholas Kaldor, Tibor Scitovsky, Tjalling Koopmans, Lawrence Klein, Agnar Sandmo, Joseph Stiglitz, John Forbes Nash and Eric Maskin.

Post-Keynesian economics is a school of economic thought with its origins in The General Theory of John Maynard Keynes, although its subsequent development was influenced to a large degree by Michał Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Nicholas Kaldor and Paul Davidson.

Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, named for Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, also known as Kaldor – Hicks criterion, is a measure of economic efficiency that captures some of the intuitive appeal of Pareto efficiency, but has less stringent criteria and is hence applicable to more circumstances.

* Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, a type of economic efficiency

Criticizing the neoclassical models of economic growth of his time, Kaldor argues that theory construction should begin with a summary of the relevant facts.

Already in the original paper, Kaldor used his stylized facts of economic growth to argue in favor of his suggested model in comparison to older neoclassical models of economic growth.

Just as important, Thompson was, with Ken Coates, Mary Kaldor and others, an author of the 1980 Appeal for European Nuclear Disarmament, calling for a nuclear-free Europe from Poland to Portugal, which was the founding document of European Nuclear Disarmament.

Economists who studied with Hayek at the LSE in the 1930s and the 1940s include Arthur Lewis, Ronald Coase, John Kenneth Galbraith, Abba Lerner, Nicholas Kaldor, George Shackle, Thomas Balogh, Vera Smith, L. K. Jha, Arthur Seldon, Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, and Oskar Lange.

" Optimal welfare " usually takes on a Paretian norm, which in its mathematical application of Kaldor – Hicks method.

Much of Nicholas Kaldor ’ s work was based on the ideas of increasing returns to scale, path dependency, and the key differences between the primary and industrial sectors.

Pareto improvements are a small subset of Kaldor – Hicks improvements.

Under Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, an outcome is considered more efficient if a Pareto optimal outcome can be reached by arranging sufficient compensation from those that are made better off to those that are made worse off so that all would end up no worse off than before.

Thus, under Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, a more efficient outcome can in fact leave some people worse off.

While every Pareto improvement is a Kaldor – Hicks improvement, most Kaldor – Hicks improvements are not Pareto improvements.

This is because, as the graph above illustrates, the set of Pareto improvements is a proper subset of Kaldor – Hicks improvement, which also reflects the greater flexibility and applicability of the Kaldor – Hicks criteria relative to the Pareto criteria.

The Kaldor – Hicks methods are typically used as tests of Pareto efficiency rather than as efficiency goals themselves.

So impressive were those serious years of study at the university that Hans later wrote, `` to be perfectly free, the young man must revel in the great kingdom of thought and imagination ; ;

Thus in Mary wrote an account of the trip first strong stress on Mary marks Mary as the first in a series of people who wrote accounts of the trip, strong stress on wrote marks the writing as the first of a series of actions of Mary's concerned with an account of her trip ( about which she may later have made speeches, for example ), and strong stress on trip makes the trip the first of a series of subjects about which Mary wrote accounts.

Many years later ( on August 3, 1915 ), Lucy Upton wrote Winslow's daughter soon to be graduated from Smith College: `` While I love botany which, after dabbling in for years, I studied according to the methods of that day exactly forty years ago in a summer school, it must be fascinating to take up zoology in the way you are doing.

Couperin and Rameau gave titles to nearly everything they wrote, not in the later sense of `` program music '' but as a kind of nonmusical reference for the close, clear musical forms filled with keen wit and precise utterance.

In 730, while still living in Damascus, Alhazred supposedly wrote a book of ultimate evil in Arabic, al-Azif, which would later become known as the Necronomicon.

Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence.

While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

Christie wrote that Poirot is a Roman Catholic, and gave her character a strong sense of Catholic morality later in works.

" Karpov acknowledged that his understanding of chess theory was very confused at that time, and wrote later that the homework which Botvinnik assigned greatly helped him, since it required that he consult chess books and work diligently.

Louisa May Alcott, who was ten years old at the time, later wrote of the experience in Transcendental Wild Oats ( 1873 ): " The band of brothers began by spading garden and field ; but a few days of it lessened their ardor amazingly.

* Edinburgh University wrote compilers for Algol60 ( later updated for Algol60M ) based on their Atlas Autocode compilers initially bootstrapped from the Atlas to the KDF-9.

129 ) indicate that the poet, his brothers and Pittacus made plans to overthrow him and that Pittacus subsequently betrayed them ; Alcaeus and his brothers fled into exile where the poet later wrote a drinking song in celebration of the news of the tyrant's death ( frag.

Smiley later wrote to Johnson, saying he was ready to fight ; a potential duel was prevented by the intervention of Washington Burrow and Benjamin F. Cheatham.

He later sent a letter to Yeshaq's successor Zara Yaqob in 1450, in which he wrote that he would be happy to send artisans to Ethiopia if their safe arrival could be guaranteed, but it probably never reached the Emperor.

In a later chapter, he wrote:

Several later artists or scholars both created art and wrote about the creation of it.

Apollos and Paul were both in Ephesus at the time Paul wrote the letter ( 55 AD ); 16: 12 states Apollos was unwilling to go to Corinth yet at Paul's urging, but that he would later when he had an opportunity.

During 1976, Grant wrote her first song (" Mountain Man "), performed in public for the first time — at Harpeth Hall School — the all-girls school she attended, recorded a demo tape for her parents with church youth-leader Brown Bannister, then later when Bannister was dubbing a copy of the tape, Chris Christian, the owner of the recording studio, heard the demo and called Word Records.

He later wrote: " After more than forty years, we have had no third world war, and the balance of nuclear terror ... may have helped to prevent one.

They started out translating N. W. A songs to Dutch, though later wrote their own rhymes in Dutch.

The technique — as invigorating as it was unorthodox — was later adopted by cartoonists like Walt Kelly and Garry Trudeau ," wrote comic strip historian Rick Marschall.

In 2000, Benny wrote the music for fellow Swede ( no relation ) Roy Andersson's film Songs from the Second Floor ( the music later re-recorded, featuring new lyrics, with BAO!