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Karlgren had been in close contact with Andersson for many years, and also succeeded Andersson as editor of the museum's journal, the Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities ( BMFEA, 1929 -) and continued in this position until the 1970s.
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Karlgren and had
While in St. Petersburg, Karlgren won a grant to study Chinese dialects, even though he had no background in Chinese.
After his grant money ran out, Karlgren supported himself by teaching French and, famously, English, which he had never been taught but had picked up from English-speaking passengers on the ship from Europe to China.
Karlgren himself had no direct access to the Qieyun, which was thought lost ; however, fragments of the Qieyun were discovered in the Dunhuang Caves in the 1930s, and a nearly complete copy was discovered in 1947 in the Palace Museum.
He had an effect on what Karlgren called, the ' neo-Daoism ’ — a reformed Daoist philosophy with a more rational, naturalistic metaphysics, without much of the superstition and mysticism into which Daoism had fallen.
Karlgren and been
Today the phonological systems proposed by Karlgren have largely been superseded, as their weaknesses are obvious: " Karlgren saw himself as reconstructing phonetics, not phonology, and paid little attention to phonological structure.
Karlgren and with
The Western comparative method was brought into China by Bernard Karlgren, the first scholar to reconstruct Middle Chinese and Old Chinese with Latin alphabet ( not IPA ).
A biography of Karlgren with bibliography of his work.
Karlgren on the other hand notes that the Tang koine was adopted by most speakers in China ( except for those in Fujian ) with only slight remnants of “ vulgar ” speech from pre-Tang times which he believed were preserved among the lower classes, albeit this makes many presumptions about Tang China ’ s class structure and sociolinguistic situation.
Based on textual history of Yinglong, Chi You, Kua Fu, and related legends, Bernhard Karlgren ( 1946: 284-5 ) concludes that " all these nature myths are purely Han-time lore, and there is no trace of them in pre-Han sources ", with two exceptions.
The table below contrasts Modern pronunciations ( in Pinyin ) with differing reconstructions of Early Middle Chinese ( Edwin G. Pulleyblank 1991 ), " Archaic " Chinese ( Bernhard Karlgren 1957 ), and Middle Chinese ( William H. Baxter 1992 ).
Karlgren and Andersson
In 1939, Karlgren succeeded the founding director Johan Gunnar Andersson ( 1874 – 1960 ) as director of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities ( Östasiatiska Museet ), a post he held until 1959.
Andersson served as the director of the MFEA until he was succeeded in 1939 by the famous Swedish Sinologist Bernhard Karlgren.
Karlgren and for
7th – 3rd centuries BCE ) pronunciations, reconstructions for 道 " way " and 道 / 導 " guide " are * d ' ôg ( Karlgren ), * dəw ( Zhou ), * dəgwx and * dəgwh ( Li Fanggui ), * luʔ ( Baxter ), and * lûʔ and * lûh ( Schuessler ).
Karlgren suggested that at the very earliest stage recoverable, the personal pronouns were declined for case.
Conversely, Sinologist Bernhard Karlgren criticised GR for its lack of phonetic rigour.
Some scholars use the French spelling " rime ", as used by the Swedish linguist Bernard Karlgren, for the categories described in these works, to distinguish them from the concept of poetic rhyme.
Some scholars use the French spelling " rime ", as used by the Swedish linguist Bernard Karlgren, for the categories described in these works, to distinguish them from the concept of poetic rhyme.
Karlgren and many
Karlgren himself first published many of his own major works in this annual journal, or as books in the monograph series of the museum.
Karlgren and also
Karlgren was also instrumental in early reconstruction of Old Chinese.
Karlgren and .
Historical linguists have reconstructed Middle 道 " way " and 導 " guide " as d ' âu-and d ' âu: ( Bernhard Karlgren ), dau and dau ( Zhou Fagao ), daw < sup >'</ sup > and daw < sup > h </ sup > ( Edwin G. Pulleyblank, " Early Middle "), dawX and daws ( William H. Baxter ), and dâu < sup > B </ sup > and dâu < sup > C </ sup > ( Axel Schuessler ).
* Karlgren, Bernhard.
Even the works of well-known lexicographers such as Karlgren do this.
Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren (, 15 October 1889 – 20 October 1978 ) was a Swedish sinologist and linguist who pioneered the study of Chinese historical phonology using modern comparative methods.
In the early 1900s, Karlgren conducted large surveys of a number of Chinese dialects and studied historical information on rhyming in ancient Chinese poetry, then used them to create the first ever complete reconstructions of what is now called Middle Chinese and Old Chinese.
A native of Jönköping, Karlgren showed ability in linguistics from a young age, and was interested in Sweden's dialects and traditional folk stories.
After graduating in 1909, Karlgren went to St. Petersburg to continue studying.
Karlgren lived in China from 1910 to 1912.
Karlgren returned to Europe in January 1912, first staying in London, then in Paris, before arriving in Uppsala, where he produced his doctoral dissertation in 1915.
In 1946, Karlgren began a far-reaching attack on the then rather loosely argued historiography of ancient China.
In particular, Karlgren criticised the unselective use of documents from different ages when reconstructing China's ancient history.
Karlgren died on 20 October 1978 in Stockholm.
Karlgren was the first scholar to use European-style principles of historical linguistics to study the Chinese language.
Indeed, Karlgren attempted to unearth Chinese history itself from its linguistic development and diffusion.
had and been
If he had married her, he'd have been asking for trouble.
They had been seen as soon as they left the ranch, picked out of the darkness by the weary though watchful eyes of two men posted a few hundred yards away in the windless shelter of the trees.
They greeted the news angrily, as though they had been cheated of purpose.
With every leaping stride of the horse beneath him he crossed one more patch of earth that had been his, that he would never see again.
He had been carrying an Enfield rifle and a holstered navy cap-and-ball pistol.
But the luck that had been running their way left him.
His shout had been taken up and repeated.
A sizable supply of powder had been touched off.
The worst part had been the waiting ; ;
The war captain had been badly wounded and was fighting to hold his seat.
And one had been too many.
That afternoon when they had pulled up in front of the broken-down ranch house, his hopes had been high.
The place had been cheap -- just the little he had left after Amelia's burial -- and it would serve its purpose.
I had for some time been hoping, in vain, for one of the dim figures to pass between the fan vents and myself.
Although I had been inside it I had not yet seen it functioning.
No one was behind it, but in the rear wall of the office I noticed, for the first time, a door which had been left partially open.
He had been worried that with Miller and Rankin added to the escape party they would be short.
He had been one of the original Night Riders, one who had escaped the trial.
He had been the auditor for the mining syndicate, and he had stolen fifty thousand dollars of the syndicate's money.
Then the vein had petered out and the whole project had been abandoned.
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