The term " hendecasyllable " is sometimes used in English poetry to describe a line of iambic pentameter with an extra short syllable at the end, as in the first line of John Keats's Endymion: " A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.

It was the first appearance in print of Keats's poetry, and Charles Cowden Clarke described it as his friend's red letter day, the first proof that Keats's ambitions were valid.

Five months later came the publication of Poems, the first volume of Keats's verse, which included " I stood tiptoe " and " Sleep and Poetry ," both strongly influenced by Hunt.

The title of the first novel, " Hyperion ", is taken from one of Keats's poems, the unfinished epic Hyperion.

Of Keats's six major odes of 1819, " Ode to Psyche " was probably written first and " To Autumn " written last.

Left: page 188 of the Golden Treasury showing Keats's poem with title added by Palgrave ; right: page 321 containing footnotes, the first of which acknowledges Palgrave's addition ( s ).

But Thomas McFarland, while acknowledging the importance of the original first stanza to Keats's endeavor, openly praises the removal of the lines as an act of what he calls " compression ".

" Ode to Psyche ", Keats's 67 line ode, was the first of his major odes of 1819.

" Ode to Psyche " is important because it is Keats's first attempt at an altered sonnet form that would include longer more lines and would end with a message or truth.

These journal-letters now represent the only surviving account of the poet's final months and as a consequence are used as the primary historical source for biographers of Keats's last days.

Shelley's Ode to the West Wind, written in fourteen line terza rima stanzas, is a major poem in the form, but perhaps the greatest odes of the 19th century were Keats's Five Great Odes of 1819 which included Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Psyche, and To Autumn.

This superstition has been immortalized in John Keats's poem, " The Eve of Saint Agnes ".

He had met Hunt after seeing his painting The Eve of St. Agnes, which is based on Keats's poem.

In fact, Keats's major works include the late 1818 poem " Hyperion " that was unfinished mainly due to the depression caused by the death of his brother Tom, and also the late 1819 poem " The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream " whose plot also revolves around the figures of Hyperion.

Keats did not send " To Autumn " to Reynolds, but did include the poem within a letter to Richard Woodhouse, Keats's publisher and friend, and dated it on the same day.

The poem was revised and included in Keats's 1820 collection of poetry titled Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems.

O ' Rourke suggests that something of a fear of that ending is subtly implied at the end of the poem, although, unlike the other great odes, in this poem the person of the poet is entirely submerged, so there is at most a faint hint of Keats's own possible fear.

Though the " clammy " aspect of " fever ", the excessive ripeness associated with tropical climates, intrude into the poem, these elements, less prominent than in Keats's earlier poetry, are counterbalanced by the dry, crisp autumnal air of rural England.

A. C. Swinburne placed it with " Ode on a Grecian Urn " as " the nearest to absolute perfection " of Keats's odes ; Aileen Ward declared it " Keats's most perfect and untroubled poem "; and Douglas Bush has stated that the poem is " flawless in structure, texture, tone, and rhythm "; Walter Evert, in 1965, stated that " To Autumn " is " the only perfect poem that Keats ever wrote – and if this should seem to take from him some measure of credit for his extraordinary enrichment of the English poetic tradition, I would quickly add that I am thinking of absolute perfection in whole poems, in which every part is wholly relevant to and consistent in effect with every other part.

In 1997, Andrew Motion summarised the critical view on " To Autumn ": " it has often been called Keats's ' most ... untroubled poem ' [...] To register the full force of its achievement, its tensions have to be felt as potent and demanding.

" Ode to a Nightingale " is a personal poem that describes Keats's journey into the state of Negative Capability.

The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats's earlier poems, and it explores the themes of nature, transience and mortality, the latter being particularly personal to Keats.

In 1954, Charles Patterson defended the poem and claimed, " The meaningfulness and range of the poem, along with its controlled execution and powerfully suggestive imagery, entitle it to a high place among Keats's great odes.

The poem is an example of Keats's break from the structure of the classical form.

* Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by Keats's writing about the discovery of Uranus when he wrote his early poem " Al Aaraaf " ( 1829 ).

William Walton, solicitor for Keats's mother and grandmother, definitely did know and had a duty of care to relay the information to Keats.

Keats's long and expensive medical training with Hammond and at Guy's Hospital led his family to assume that medicine would be his lifelong career, assuring financial security, and it seems that at this point Keats had a genuine desire to become a doctor.

Although the publishers Taylor and Hessey feared the kind of bad reviews that had plagued Keats's 1818 edition of Endymion, they were willing to publish the collection after the removal of any potentially controversial poems to ensure that there would be no politically motivated reviews that could give the volume a bad reputation.

While ode-writers from antiquity adhered to rigid patterns of strophe, antistrophe, and epode, the form by Keats's time had undergone enough transformation that it represented a manner rather than a set method for writing a certain type of lyric poetry.

Keats's poem had a deep influence on Edgar Allan Poe's sonnet " To Science ", specifically lines 229 – 238 and the discussion of the baleful effects of " cold philosophy ":

Severn believed that it was Keats's last ever poem and that it had been composed especially for him.

The work has been interpreted as a meditation on death ; as an allegory of artistic creation ; as Keats's response to the Peterloo Massacre, which took place in the same year ; and as an expression of nationalist sentiment.

Like others of Keats's odes written in 1819, the structure is that of an odal hymn, having three clearly defined sections corresponding to the Classical divisions of strophe, antistrophe, and epode.

Biographer Robert Gittings suggests " Ode on Indolence " was written on 4 May 1819, based upon Keats's report about the weather during the ode's creation ; Douglas Bush insists it was written after " Nightingale ", " Grecian Urn ", and " Melancholy ".

The themes and ideas were picked up again in Keats's The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream, when he attempted to recast the epic by framing it with a personal quest to find truth and understanding.

Helen Vendler expands on the idea, in her 1983 analysis of Keats's odes, when she claimed " the complex mind writing the Urn connects stillness and quietness to ravishment and a bride ".

The trip was intended to cure Keats's lingering illness, which he suspected was tuberculosis ; however, his friends and several doctors disagreed and urged him to spend some time in a warm climate.

Perhaps the most dedicated patron of Severn's work in the 1830s was William Gladstone, who was drawn to Severn more for his reputation as a painter than as Keats's friend.

However, Keats's training took up increasing amounts of his writing time, and he was increasingly ambivalent about his medical career.

The work was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820 in a volume of Keats's poetry that included Lamia and The Eve of Saint Agnes.

" Not everything on Keats's mind at the time was bright ; the poet knew in September that he would have to finally abandon Hyperion.

He was also responsible for the famous Quarterly article on John Keats's Endymion.

The odes were Keats's effort to discuss the relationships between the soul, eternity, nature, and art, which he was busy contemplating throughout 1819.

Keats's inspiration for the topic was not limited to Haydon, but embraced many contemporary sources.

Many contemporary essays and articles on these works shared Keats's view that classical Greek art was both idealistic and captured Greek virtues.

This contradiction reveals Keats's belief that such love in general was unattainable and that " The true opponent to the urn-experience of love is not satisfaction but extinction.

Gifford was popularly supposed to have penned the attack on Keats's ' Endymion ' ( the review was actually by John Wilson Croker ), which Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron erroneously blamed for bringing about the death of the poet, ' snuffed out ', in Byron's phrase, ' by an article '.