After some years of weak government by Louis's favorites, the King made Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, a former protégé of his mother, the chief minister of France in 1624.

In the end Louis's grandson was recognized as King of Spain, but the Habsburg's other European territories were largely ceded to Austria, and France was nearly bankrupted by the cost of the struggle.

Contrary to its intended purpose of strengthening the position of the King against the revolutionaries, the Brunswick Manifesto had the opposite effect of greatly undermining Louis's already highly tenuous position in Paris.

The Duke of Wellington used King Louis's person to open up the route to Paris, as some fortresses refused to surrender to the Allies, but agreed to do so for their King.

Wellington ordered the deputies to espouse King Louis's cause.

The castle was first mentioned during the Investiture Controversy in a 1080 deed, when Louis's henchmen attacked a military contingent of King Henry IV of Germany.

In 1711, King Louis's sister-in-law, the Princess Palatine, sent a letter to her aunt, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, stating that the prisoner had " two musketeers at his side to kill him if he removed his mask ".

As a result, the Turks conquered part of the Kingdom of Hungary ; the rest ( mainly nowadays Slovakia territory ) came under Habsburg rule under the terms of King Louis's marriage contract.

After Hungarian King Louis I's death in 1382, Stephen Tvrtko became the protector of his cousin and Louis's widow Elizabeth, and her daughters, Queen Mary of Hungary and Queen Hedwig of Poland.

But when he divulged to her his resentment for the Cardinal, she, far from repeating Louis's confidences to the minister, set herself to encourage the King in his resistance to Richelieu's dominion.

She refused, nevertheless, to become Louis's mistress, and after taking leave of the King in Anne of Austria's presence, retired to the convent of the Filles de Sainte-Marie in 1637.

Prince Louis's second daughter Princess Louise of Battenberg become Queen Consort of Sweden as she married King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1923 and his younger son Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma served as the last Viceroy of India.

In 1482, her father and the King Louis XI of France signed the Treaty of Arras, whereby her father promised to give Margaret's hand in marriage to Louis's son Charles.

The Moorish chronicler Al Maqqari records a Muslim victory, while Astronomus simply states that the besieged offered Louis's the keys to the city and, satisfied, the King of Aquitaine lifted his siege and left.

The duc sided with the revolutionaries, took the name Philippe Égalité, voted for the execution of his cousin, the King and whipped up hatred against Louis's wife, Marie Antoinette.

He later married Maria Anne Victoria of Bavaria instead, but Sophia Charlotte was also proposed as a possible bride for Louis's father, King Louis XIV, after he lost his wife in 1683.

A combination of King Louis XII of France and Frederick's famous cousin King Ferdinand II of Aragon had continued the claim of Louis's predecessor, King Charles VIII of France, to Naples and Sicily.

He thought that although this King of Magadha has transgressed against his kingdom, he had not transgressed against him personally, and Ajatasattu is still his nephew.

Without surviving male issue, Anton was succeeded as King by his nephew, Frederick Augustus II.

On the death of King Gontram, the succession passed to his nephew, Childebert II, son of Brunehault.

When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, his nephew King Louis I of Hungary succeeded him to become king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.

Thus, and in order to provide a clear line of succession and avoid dynastic uncertainty, he arranged for his nephew, King Louis I of Hungary, to be his successor in Poland.

* " Monib Shahid, grandson of both ` Abdu ' l-Bahá and the King of Martyrs, married according to the Moslem rites the daughter of a political exile who is nephew of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem.

Æthelberht ( King of Kent and overlord of southern England according to Bede ) was in a position to exercise some authority in Essex shortly after 604, when his intervention helped in the conversion of King Saebert of Essex ( son of Sledd ), his nephew, to Christianity.

Mountbatten's qualification for offering advice to this particular heir to the throne was unique ; it was he who had arranged the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Dartmouth Royal Naval College on 22 July 1939, taking care to include the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret in the invitation, but assigning his nephew, Cadet Prince Philip of Greece, to keep them amused while their parents toured the facility.

* Hamlet – Son of the former King, and nephew of the present King.

As King Baldwin, although now blind and crippled, had recovered enough to resume his reign and his command of the army, Guy was removed from the regency and his five-year-old son, King Baldwin's nephew and namesake Baldwin, was crowned as co-king in November.

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia from the 1220s gives a firsthand account of the Christianization of Livonia, granted as a fief by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor, de facto but not known as the King of Germany, Philip of Swabia, to Bishop Albert of Buxthoeven, nephew of the Hartwig II, Archbishop of Bremen, who sailed with a convoy of ships filled with armed crusaders to carve out a Catholic territory in the east during the Livonian Crusade.

Henry died childless and had nominated his nephew Frederick Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia, to succeed him as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor.

King Philip II of France supported Philip's claim, whereas King Richard of England supported his nephew Otto.

In 1208, Philip of Swabia, the successful candidate for becoming the next emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was assassinated, meaning that the imperial crown was given to his rival, Otto IV, the nephew of King John.

* Fortinbras: the nephew of the King of Norway

As a nephew and supporter of King John, and as someone with a serious claim to the Scottish throne, Comyn was Bruce's enemy.

Just two months before their meeting, Prince William of Denmark and Norway, King William III's nephew and son of the future Queen Anne, died.

Æthelflæd, daughter of Alfred the Great, and her husband Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia, were buried in the priory, and their nephew, King Æthelstan, was a major patron of Oswald's cult.

Their nephew, returning home a desperate man, falls in love with an abbess, in whom he discovers the daughter of the King of England.

Like Louis XIV, Leopold was a first cousin of the King of Spain and a nephew of Philip IV in the maternal line, his mother having been a younger sister of Philip IV ( Maria Anna of Spain ); moreover, Philip IV had stipulated the succession should pass to the Austrian Habsburg line in his will.

By September 1298, Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland in favour of Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick and future king, and John Comyn of Badenoch, King John Balliol's nephew.

King Louis XV of France's ( 1715 – 74 ) minister, the duc de Choiseul, had former experience of Rome as French ambassador, and was Europe's most skilled diplomat.

Marie Antoinette's situation became more precarious when, on 6 August 1775, her sister-in-law, the comtesse d ' Artois, gave birth to a son, the duc d ' Angoulême ( who later became the presumptive heir to the French throne when his father, the comte d ' Artois, became King Charles X of France in 1824 ).

Long after the personal table fork had become commonplace in France, at the supper celebrating the marriage of the duc de Chartres to Louis XIV's natural daughter in 1692, the seating was described in the court memoirs of Saint-Simon: " King James having his Queen on his right hand and the King on his left, and each with their cadenas.

According to Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, clysters were so popular at the court of King Louis XIV of France that the duchess of Burgundy had her servant give her a clyster in front of the King ( her modesty being preserved by an adequate posture ) before going to the comedy.

The King and the duc de Luynes recalled Richelieu, believing that he would be able to reason with the Queen.

Thereafter, the King was unwavering in his political support for him ; the courtier was created duc de Richelieu and was made a Peer of France.

Next year, he schemed with leading nobles ( including the King's brother, the duc d ' Orléans ) to raise a rebellion ; he also signed a secret agreement with the King of Spain, who promised to aid the rebels.

Through her descendants, Commines would become the ancestor of Jean, duc de Chevreuse, of the Gouffier ducs de Roannais, and of Louis XV, while Jeanne herself became the mother-in-law of Anne, duchesse d ' Étampes, maîtresse-en-titre to King Francis I of France.

The King had the Royal Army under the duc de Broglie surround Paris.

Henri of Artois, Count of Chambord ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d ' Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord ; 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883 ) was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Henry V, although he was never officially proclaimed as such.

The attempt failed, and Dumouriez, along with the duc de Chartres ( afterwards King Louis Philippe ) and his younger brother, the duc de Montpensier, fled into the Austrian camp.

The most obvious example was the commander of the French center, then goes by the name of General Egalite, but actually the duc de Chartres, and the future King Louis-Philippe of France.

Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier ( 6 October 1610 – 17 November 1690 ) was a French soldier and the governor of the dauphin, Louis le Grand Dauphin, the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France.

Charles proved the last of the elder branch of the House of Valois, and upon his death at Amboise the throne passed to a cousin, the duc d ' Orléans, who reigned as King Louis XII of France, who would try to make good his clearer claim to the Duchy of Milan.

He edited successively the Journal d ' Olivier Lefèvre d ' Ormesson ( 1860 – 1862 ), interesting for the history of the parlement of Paris during the minority of King Louis XIV ; Lettres du cardinal Mazarin pendant son ministère ( 6 vols, 1870-1891 ), continued by the vicomte G. d ' Avenel ; and Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon, published for the first time according to the original manuscripts ( 2 editions, 1856-1858 and 1878-1881 ).

He gained recognition during the Bourbon Restoration for a series of battle paintings commissioned by the duc d ' Orleans, the future King Louis-Philippe.

In 1847 Louis Philippe, King of the French, gave Muñoz the title duc de Montmorot ; he also invested Muñoz with the Grand Cross of the Légion d ' honneur.

In King Louis XIV's testament, Tallard was appointed to the Council of Regency but the duc d ' Orléans had the testament nullified.

Fleeing the Spanish they are followed by a frigate in the employ of the duc d ' Arcachon, an investor in their plan and a man who wishes to kill Jack for ruining a party in The King of the Vagabonds.

The duc had planned to imprison Jack for the rest of his life, but the King of France Louis XIV frees him in order to enlist his help in sacking the Tower of London, England's mint, in order to cripple the enemy country's economy.

Upon the death of King Louis XV's mistress, Madame de Vintimille, in childbirth in 1741, the king's best friend, the duc d ' Agénois ' uncle, the manipulative duc de Richelieu, began to cast about for another candidate to fulfil his royal friend's desires as he did not want Madame de Ventimille's older sister Madame de Mailly, to regain the king's affections.