Kramnik's performance in 2009 allowed his rating ( average of July 2009 and January 2010 ratings ) to be high enough to qualify for the Candidates Tournament to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2012.

In 2005, Hydra, a dedicated chess computer with custom hardware and sixty-four processors and also winner of the 14th IPCCC in 2005, defeated seventh-ranked Michael Adams 5½ – ½ in a six-game match ( though Adams ' preparation was far less thorough than Kramnik's for the 2002 series ).

On 29 July 2007, following a complaint by Kramnik's manager Carsten Hensel, the FIDE Ethics Commission sanctioned Topalov with " a severe reprimand " because of the accusations made in the interview of 14 December.

Kramnik's performance won him the Chess Oscar for 2000 ; this was the first time he had received the award.

Kramnik's victory helped him win the Chess Oscar for 2006, the second of his career.

True to form, Fritz found a watertight defense and Kramnik's attack petered out leaving him in a bad position.

This was the first time since December 1985 that Kasparov was not world number-one, and Kramnik's six month stretch ( January through June 1996 ) as world number-one would be the only time from January 1986 through March 2006 where Kasparov was not world number-one.

Kramnik's 12 years between world-number one rankings is the longest since the inception of the FIDE ranking system in 1971.

Garry Kasparov described Kramnik's style as pragmatic and tenacious, in the latter similar to Anatoly Karpov.

Kasparov was unable to defeat Kramnik during their 2000 World Championship match, partly due to Kramnik's use of the Berlin Defence of the Ruy Lopez.

As a result, the point was awarded to Topalov, reducing Kramnik's lead to 3-2.

On 28 September 2006, Topalov's manager Silvio Danailov published a press release, casting suspicion on Kramnik's behaviour during the games.

They also demanded that the organizers of the tournament allow journalists access to the surveillance video from Kramnik's room for games 1 through 4.

On 1 October, the restroom issue was resolved in Kramnik's favour and the Appeals Committee resigned and were replaced.

When the Confederate attempt to defend Petersburg failed, the Confederate army retreated but was pursued and defeated, which resulted in Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.

Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes.

No attempt was made to defend Saxony ; the Saxons fell back into Bohemia and effected a junction with the Austrians.

Revolving around an Englishman living in 1930s London named Robert Denvers who has recollections of a previous life as a Bronze Age Cypriot – an allusion to Gardner himself – the primary plot of A Goddess Arrives is set in ancient Cyprus and featured a queen, Dayonis, who practices sorcery in an attempt to help her people defend themselves from invading Egyptians.

The Conservative majority proved too small for effective control over his backbenchers, particularly after the United Kingdom's forced exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) on " Black Wednesday ", 16 September 1992, just five months into the new parliament, when billions of pounds were spent in a futile attempt to defend the currency's value.

Some had sufficient legal experience to defend themselves in the trials, but in 1310 Philip blocked this attempt, using the previously forced confessions to have dozens of Templars burned at the stake in Paris.

He argues that her attempt to defend the morality of selfishness is, therefore, an instance of begging the question.

The essay " On Fairy-Stories " is an attempt to explain and defend the genre of fairy tales or Märchen.

At one stage, New South Wales were six wickets down with less than 150 runs scored, but Benaud refused to attempt to defend for a draw.

The Klingons considered this action dishonorable, in contrast to the honor they saw in the Starfleet ship's attempt to defend Narendra III, despite being vastly outnumbered.

An attempt to defend a system based on propositional meaning for semantic underspecification can be found in the generative lexicon model of James Pustejovsky, who extends contextual operations ( based on type shifting ) into the lexicon.

Other riders may attempt to gain the lap early on in the race and try and defend the advantage.

Hall and Popkin defend Mill against this accusation pointing out that he begins Chapter Four by asserting that “ that questions of ultimate ends do not admit of proof, in the ordinary acceptation of the term ” and that this is “ common to all first principles .” According to Hall and Popkin, therefore, Mill does not attempt to “ establish that what people do desire is desirable but merely attempts to make the principles acceptable .” The type of “ proof ” Mill is offering " consists only of some considerations which, Mill thought, might induce an honest and reasonable man to accept utilitarianism ".

Although she may have been misrepresented, she made no attempt to defend herself.

Philip did not attempt to advance into Central Greece because the Athenians, unable to arrive in time to defend Pagasae, had occupied Thermopylae.

In February 1756 Amherst was appointed commissar to the Hessian forces that had been assembled to defend Hanover as part of the Army of Observation: as it appeared likely a French invasion attempt against Britain itself was imminent, Amherst was ordered in April to arrange the transportation of thousands of the Germans to southern England to bolster Britain's defences.

It was deployed to defend against the expected attempt to breakout of the Colleville-St. Laurent beachhead established on the 16th RCT front.

Just before he had left Korea, Choi apparently had a disagreement with a wrestler named Hu, and the possibility of a future confrontation inspired him to train ; in his own words, " I would imagine that these were the techniques I would use to defend myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to carry out his promise to tear me limb from limb when I eventually returned to Korea " ( Park, 1993, p. 242 ).

Upon hearing this news, Chard, Bromhead, and another of the station's officers, Acting Assistant Commissary James Dalton ( of the Commissariat and Transport Department ), held a quick meeting to decide the best course of action-whether to attempt a retreat to Helpmekaar or to defend their current position.

Ptolemy decided to defend the Nile, and Perdiccas's attempt to force it ended in fiasco, with the loss of 2000 men.

) There is a recognised option to defend alone, i. e. to attempt to euchre the player going alone by a single player-while difficult, successfully done this is an 8 point hand and will virtually guarantee a win.

Brown and 31 of the free state guerillas took positions to attempt to defend Osawatomie.

It is a hacking competition where teams of hackers attempt to attack and defend computers and networks using certain software and network structures.

After making a timid attempt to defend Aspern with the 93rd Line, Boudet then chose to retreat towards Essling and Vincent's division occupied Aspen, subsequently launching a determined pursuit.

In 2009, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a German organisation to enter the 2010 Formula One season using the Brabham name.

In late September 2009, Obama senior advisor David Axelrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to attempt to smooth out tensions between the two camps.

This panel met from 2006 through 2011 to attempt to implement the changes in the 2006 Act ( and later the 2007 and 2009 Acts ) where possible, and to attempt to alter the Acts where they were unworkable by providing expert advice to the Department in the drafting of new legislation amendments.

The sincerity of the good faith efforts of the Libyan government may be questionable since Moroccan Foreign Minister Taieb Fassi Fihri, told a U. S. diplomat in 2009 that the Libyans were willing to host wounded Guinean junta leader Captain Moussa Dadis Camara after a failed assassination attempt in 2009.

** Darfur peace process, an attempt to resolve the War in Darfur, finilized in 2009

In February 2009, Sigifredo López, the only deputy who survived and was later released by FARC, accused the group of killing the 11 captives and denied that any military rescue attempt had taken place.

In 2008 and 2009, there was a new attempt to reach a consensus on a unified date on the part of Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant leaders.

In 2009, American Psychological Association stated that it " encourages mental health professionals to avoid misrepresenting the efficacy of sexual orientation change efforts by promoting or promising change in sexual orientation when providing assistance to individuals distressed by their own or others ’ sexual orientation and concludes that the benefits reported by participants in sexual orientation change efforts can be gained through approaches that do not attempt to change sexual orientation ".

The Bremen-based Beluga Group claimed in 2009 to be the first Western company to attempt crossing the Northern Sea Route for shipping without assistance from icebreakers, cutting 4000 nautical miles off the journey between Ulsan, Korea and Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

By contrast, in 2009 a segment of the army defected to the side of Andry Rajoelina, then-mayor of Antananarivo, in support of his attempt to force President Ravalomanana from power.

In 2009 he briefly left his BBC role to become Newcastle United's manager in the last eight games of their 2008 – 09 season, in an unsuccessful attempt to save them from relegation.

The Quality Desserts record beat a previous record attempt by Ipswich City Council in 2009, which was made during a visit to Australia by Lord Lamington's Great Grandson and Niece.

More recently, the song " Revolution 1 ( Take 20 )", a previously unknown track, surfaced in 2009 on a bootleg and is supposed to connect " Revolution 1 " and the avant-garde " Revolution 9 " ( both of which appeared on The Beatles ) in an attempt by Lennon to record one long version of " Revolution " before ultimately splitting the two songs up.

Saturday nights usually feature repeats of recent episodes of the channel's original series and occasional film telecasts, after an attempt in early 2009 to use the night to launch a beachhead against Nickelodeon's Saturday night block with the premiere of JONAS and the move of Wizards of Waverly Place from Fridays to Saturdays proved unsuccessful.

There are two motorways in their municipality and a future motorway service: The N-1 Madrid-Irun, The A-620 Vitoria-Altube and its connection with the A-68 Logroño-Bilbao, and as of the end of 2009, the new AP-1 Between Vitoria and Eibar attempt to alleviate the problems caused by congested traffic on the N-1.

After a previous attempt failed, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution conferring honorary U. S. citizenship on Pulaski in 2009, sending it to the President for approval.

The record was broken again by the Iron Barley restaurant in St. Louis, Missouri, with a BLT measuring, and is currently held by Bentley Dining Services for their 2009 attempt, measuring.

In the film Sherlock Holmes ( 2009 ), a scene graphically portrays the American Ambassador Standish erupting in flames after shooting his gun, before jumping out of the window and falling into a carriage below in a vain attempt to extinguish the flames.

* On October 1, 2009 he revealed that he had been the target of an extortion attempt.

Late in 2009, reports of pike showing up in angler catches began again, indicating another failed attempt.

2009 saw an increase in the number of corporate e-presenters using green screen technology in an attempt to direct user traffic to profitable areas of web sites, e. g. ; a user logs on to a web site and an e-presenter appears, giving fast, concise information and directing users to visit customer testimonials pages, special offers or incentives to either buy or enquire online.

* A movie about a fictional lottery winner's attempt to reopen the McGregor Library, entitled Highland Park, starring Danny Glover, was being filmed in Highland Park in October 2009.