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Kripke's position has, however recently been defended against these and other attacks by the Cambridge philosopher Martin Kusch ( 2006 ), and Wittgenstein scholar David G. Stern considers the book to be " the most influential and widely discussed " work on Wittgenstein since the 1980s.
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Kripke's and position
Accordingly, many philosophers recognize that the view presented in Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language is philosophically important, though something of a hybrid position — as if it were a fictional thinker of Kripke's own creation — and so it is useful to have a name by which to call it.
Kripke's and has
Kripke's version of Wittgenstein, although philosophically interesting, has been facetiously called Kripkenstein, with some scholars such as Gordon Baker and Peter Hacker, Colin McGinn, and John McDowell, seeing it as a radical misinterpretation of Wittgenstein's text.
Kripke's possible worlds theory has been used by narratologists ( beginning with Pavel and Dolezel ) to understand " reader's manipulation of alternative plot developments, or the characters ' planned or fantasized alternative action series ," has become especially useful in the analysis of hyperfiction.
The portmanteau " Kripkenstein " has been coined as a jesting nickname for Kripke's reading of the Philosophical Investigations.
Avrum Stroll has produced probably the most comprehensive critique of the program of natural kind semantics ( both Putnam's and Kripke's ) in his book Sketches of Landscapes.
This view of proper names ( presented in 1962 with Quine as commentator ) has been identified by Quentin Smith with the theory of reference given in Saul Kripke's Naming and Necessity.
The portmanteau " Kripkenstein " has been coined as a nickname for Kripke's reading of the Philosophical Investigations.
Kripke's and however
Unlike Tarski's approach, however, Kripke's lets " truth " be the union of all of these definition-stages ; after a denumerable infinity of steps the language reaches a " fixed point " such that using Kripke's method to expand the truth-predicate does not change the language any further.
Kripke's and recently
More recently Kripke's formalisation of possible world semantics in modal logic led to a new approach to essentialism.
Kripke's and been
They have never been published and the transcript is officially available only in a reading copy in the university philosophy library, which cannot be copied or cited without Kripke's permission.
Following Kripke's Naming and Necessity ( 1972 / 1980 ) lectures, the view came to prevail that names had no descriptive content, or sense: that the referent of a name was not what " fit " its meaning, but whichever object had been the initial cause of the name's being used.
Kripke's and against
In Saul Kripke's famous Naming and Necessity lectures, which largely turned the tide against descriptivism, he treats both Russell and Frege as opposed to Mill's view in the same way.
Kripke's and these
In Kripke's terms, these are " ungrounded.
" Since these sentences are never assigned either truth or falsehood even if the process is carried out infinitely, Kripke's theory implies that some sentences are neither true nor false.
Kripke's and other
) Non-rigid designators are defined by contrast with Saul Kripke's notion of a rigid designator, which pick out the same thing uniquely in every possible world ; while there are possible worlds in which the 43rd president of the United States is Al Gore instead of George W. Bush, there are no possible worlds where George W. Bush is anyone other than the man who, in fact, he is.
Kripke's and by
Kripke's main propositions in Naming and Necessity concerning proper names are that the meaning of a name simply is the object it refers to and that a name's referent is determined by a causal link between some sort of " baptism " and the utterance of the name.
* London Review of Books article by Jerry Fodor discussing Kripke's work
And, as also proposed by Hilary Putnam and Kripke himself, Kripke's view on name can also be applied to the reference of natural kind term.
At the time of Kripke's lectures, the dominant theories of reference in Analytic philosophy ( associated with the theories of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell ) held that the meaning of sentences involving proper names could be given by substituting a contextually appropriate description for the name.
He also wrote a paper, " The Causal Theory of Names " ( 1973 ), which heavily criticized certain lines of the theory of reference that derived from Saul Kripke's Naming and Necessity ( 1972 / 1980 ) and work by Keith Donnellan.
Kripke's and philosopher
In a 1995 paper, philosopher Quentin Smith argued that key concepts in Kripke's new theory of reference had originated from the work of Ruth Barcan Marcus more than a decade earlier.
Kripke's and 2006
* The conference in honor of Kripke's sixty-fifth birthday with a video of his speech " The First Person ", January 25 – 26, 2006
Kripke's and Wittgenstein
The discussion of private languages was revitalized in 1982 with the publication of Saul Kripke's book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language.
First published in 1982, Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language contends that the central argument of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations centers on a devastating rule-following paradox that undermines the possibility of our ever following rules in our use of language.
Kripke's book generated a large secondary literature, divided between those who find his skeptical problem interesting and perceptive, and others, such as Gordon Baker and Peter Hacker, who argue that his meaning skepticism is a pseudo-problem that stems from a confused, selective reading of Wittgenstein.
Defending Kripke's Wittgenstein.
* Kripke's Wittgenstein in Kripkenstein
While most commentators accept that the Philosophical Investigations contains the rule-following paradox as Kripke presents it, few have concurred in attributing Kripke's skeptical solution to Wittgenstein.
The thinker meant to hold the view is also sometimes called ' Kripke's Wittgenstein ', or ' Kripkenstein ' for short, or simply ' KW '.
Kripke's and .
Two of Kripke's earlier works, A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic and Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic, the former written while he was still a teenager, were on the subject of modal logic.
Kripke's response to this difficulty was to eliminate terms.
Kripke's " skeptical solution " to meaning skepticism is to ground meaning in the behavior of a community.
That is, " ' Snow is white ' is true " is well-defined, as is " ' " Snow is white " is true ' is true ," and so forth, but neither " This sentence is true " nor " This sentence is not true " receive truth-conditions ; they are, in Kripke's terms, " ungrounded.
* Roundtable on Kripke's critique of mind-body identity with Scott Soames as the main presenter May 26, 2010.
Thus Kripke's argument that names are not equivalent to descriptions was widely construed as the view that names do not have senses ; or as a rejection of the sense-reference distinction.
Kripke's and be
The power of Kripke's example is that in mathematics the rules for the use of expressions appear to be defined clearly for an infinite number of cases.
Some philosophers have held that discovered identities such as Kripke's " Water is H < sub > 2 </ sub > O " are metaphysically necessary but not logically necessary ( they would claim that there is no formal contradiction involved in " Water is not H < sub > 2 </ sub > O " even though it turns out to be metaphysically impossible ).
Kripke's and influential
# A theory that became influential following Kripke's attack is that empty proper names, have, strictly speaking, no meaning.
Kripke's and widely
Early in his career, he devised a semantics of modal logic essentially analogous to Kripke's frame semantics, and discovered the now widely taught semantic tableau, independently of Evert Willem Beth.
Kripke's and on
( Here he draws explicitly on Kripke's never-published John Locke lectures, Reference and Existence ).
He also teaches a related course on Kripke's Naming and Necessity.
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