In addition to the dissertation on over by Brugman, Lakoff's use of image schema theory also drew extensively on Talmy and Langacker's theories of spatial relations terms as well.

George Lakoff's theory of moral politics states that these arise from family role differences ultimately, with a moral code emphasizing the logos or " rule " of the father as being the source of the motivations of the political " right ", and one emphasizing the more merciful moderns or mother-like view as being moral source for the " left ".

Lakoff's claim that Chomsky asserts independence between syntax and semantics has been rejected by Chomsky, who has given examples from within his work where he talks about the relationship between his semantics and syntax.

The essential thrust of Lakoff's work has been the argument that metaphors are primarily a conceptual construction, and indeed are central to the development of thought.

Lakoff's application of cognitive linguistics to politics, literature, philosophy and mathematics has led him into territory normally considered basic to political science.

Lakoff's reliance on empirical scientific evidence, i. e. specifically falsifiable predictions, in the 1987 work and in Philosophy in the Flesh ( 1999 ) suggests that the cognitive-metaphor position has no objections to the scientific method, but instead considers the scientific method a finely developed reasoning system used to discover phenomena which are subsequently understood in terms of new conceptual metaphors ( such as the metaphor of fluid motion for conducted electricity, which is described in terms of " current " " flowing " against " impedance ," or the gravitational metaphor for static-electric phenomena, or the " planetary orbit " model of the atomic nucleus and electrons, as used by Niels Bohr ).

Lakoff's writings have become the basis for much research on the subject of women's language.

Lakoff's original thesis on conceptual metaphor was expressed in his book with Mark Johnson entitled Metaphors We Live By in 1980.

Pinker argued that Lakoff's propositions are unsupported and his prescriptions a recipe for electoral failure.

The original subtitle reflected Lakoff's idea that conservatives, at least 1994 conservatives, understood the nature of American politics better than liberals.

Lakoff's 1987 work, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things, answered some of these criticisms before they were even made: he explores the effects of cognitive metaphors ( both culturally specific and human-universal ) on the grammar per se of several languages, and the evidence of the limitations of the classical logical-positivist or Anglo-American School philosophical concept of the category usually used to explain or describe the scientific method.

The term is explained in Mark Johnson's book The Body in the Mind, in case study 2 of George Lakoff's Women, Fire and Dangerous Things and by Rudolf Arnheim in Visual Thinking.

The book could be compared with George Lakoff's Moral Politics, which aims to answer a very similar question.

George Lakoff's " Syntactic Amalgams " paper in 1974 ( Chicago Linguistics Society, 1974 ) posed a challenge for the idea of transformational derivation.

Lakoff's 1977 paper, Linguistic Gestalts ( Chicago Linguistic Society, 1977 ) was an early version of CxG, arguing that the meaning of the whole was not a compositional function of the meaning of the parts put together locally.

The earliest study was " There-Constructions ," which appeared as Case Study 3 in George Lakoff's Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things.

For instance, observation of very different ideas of mathematics and physics in indigenous peoples led indirectly to ideas such as George Lakoff's " cognitive science of mathematics ", which asks if measurement systems themselves can be objective.

The Rusk belief in balanced defense, replacing the Dulles theory of massive retaliation, removes a grave danger that has existed.

Falling somewhere in a category between Einstein's theory and sand fleas -- difficult to see but undeniably there, nevertheless -- is the tropical green `` city '' of Islandia, a string of offshore islands that has almost no residents, limited access and an unlimited future.

Nevertheless, the theory that the determining influence of the hypothalamic balance has a profound influence on the clinical behavior of neuropsychiatric patients has not yet been tested on an adequate number of patients.

We should expect that general phonologic theory should be as adequate for tone as for consonants and vowels, but it has not been.

Social theory has no more right to expect results from meaningless questions, than physics has the right to expect a theological solution to the wave-particle controversy.

This theory has been put so clearly and precisely that it deserves criticism of the same kind, and this I will do my best to supply.

-- On the basis of a differentiability assumption in function space, it is possible to prove that, for materials having the property that the stress is given by a functional of the history of the deformation gradients, the classical theory of infinitesimal viscoelasticity is valid when the deformation has been infinitesimal for all times in the past.

-- The theory of elasticity of Gaussian networks has been developed on a more general basis and the equations of state relating variables of pressure, volume, temperature, stress and strain have been precisely formulated.

Modern physics has developed the theory that all matter consists of minute waves of energy.

Group selection theory has criticized by many other evolutionary scientists.

Connes has applied his work in areas of mathematics and theoretical physics, including number theory, differential geometry and particle physics.

Tylor also theorized about the origins of religious beliefs in human beings, proposing a theory of animism as the earliest stage, and noting that " religion " has many components, of which he believed the most important to be belief in supernatural beings ( as opposed to moral systems, cosmology, etc .).

Later in the 1960s and 1970s, Edmund Leach and his students Mary Douglas and Nur Yalman, among others, introduced French structuralism in the style of Lévi-Strauss ; while British anthropology has continued to emphasize social organization and economics over purely symbolic or literary topics, differences among British, French, and American sociocultural anthropologies have diminished with increasing dialogue and borrowing of both theory and methods.

Anthropology has been used in Britain to provide an alternative explanation for the Financial crisis of 2007 – 2010 to the technical explanations rooted in economic and political theory.

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory has several advantages over Arrhenius theory.

*: The article on Whorf states " Drawing on Nietzsche's ideas of perspectivism Alfred Korzybski developed the theory of general semantics which has been compared to Whorf's notions of linguistic relativity.

A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George ( patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudi's home ), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.

It occupies a central place in modern mathematics and has multiple conceptual connections with such diverse fields as complex analysis, topology and number theory.

Within algebraic geometry itself, his theory of schemes has become the universally accepted language for all further technical work.

His construction of new cohomology theories has left deep consequences for algebraic number theory, algebraic topology, and representation theory.

His creation of topos theory has had an impact on set theory and logic.

His mathematical specialties were noncommutative ring theory and computational algebra and its applications, including automated theorem proving in geometry.

Informal applications of set theory in other fields are sometimes referred to as applications of " naive set theory ", but usually are understood to be justifiable in terms of an axiomatic system ( normally the Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory ).

Combinatorial problems arise in many areas of pure mathematics, notably in algebra, probability theory, topology, and geometry, and combinatorics also has many applications in optimization, computer science, ergodic theory and statistical physics.

In part, the growth was spurred by new connections and applications to other fields, ranging from algebra to probability, from functional analysis to number theory, etc.

Some, such as computational complexity theory, which studies fundamental properties of computational problems, are highly abstract, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize real-world applications.

Some fields, such as computational complexity theory ( which explores the fundamental properties of computational problems ), are highly abstract, whilst fields such as computer graphics emphasise real-world applications.

These foundational applications of category theory have been worked out in fair detail as a basis for, and justification of, constructive mathematics.

Categorical logic is now a well-defined field based on type theory for intuitionistic logics, with applications in functional programming and domain theory, where a cartesian closed category is taken as a non-syntactic description of a lambda calculus.

This duality, which is transparent at the level of category theory, is often obscured in applications and can lead to surprising relationships.

There are two major divisions in control theory, namely, classical and modern, which have direct implications over the control engineering applications.

Yet, due to easier physical implementation of classical controller designs as compared to systems designed using modern control theory, these controllers are preferred in most industrial applications.

Other applications include a theory of personality, interpersonal relations, education, nursing, cross-cultural relations and other " helping " professions and situations.

Expander constructions have spawned research in pure and applied mathematics, with several applications to complexity theory, design of robust computer networks, and the theory of error-correcting codes.

In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunication, error detection and correction or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels.

Finite fields have applications in many areas of mathematics and computer science, including coding theory, LFSRs, modular representation theory, and the groups of Lie type.