As a barrister, Hale represented a variety of Royalist figures during the prelude and duration of the English Civil War, including Thomas Wentworth and William Laud ; it has been hypothesised that Hale was to represent Charles I at his state trial, and conceived the defence Charles used.

William Laud and Thomas Wentworth were appointed to fill the void that the Duke of Buckingham left.

* That Charles I had to impeach Thomas Wentworth and William Laud.

He reluctantly placed them under arrest and put them in The Tower, executing Wentworth in 1641 ( for which Charles I never forgave himself since he was close to Thomas Wentworth ) and William Laud in 1645.

In England, those executed after the passing of attainders include George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence ( 1478 ), Thomas Cromwell ( 1540 ), Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury ( 1540 ), Catherine Howard ( 1542 ), Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley ( 1549 ), Thomas Howard ( 1572 ), Thomas Wentworth ( 1641 ), Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud ( 1645 ), and the Duke of Monmouth.

In 1638, two of Northumberland's prominent supporters at court — Thomas Wentworth and Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud — used their influence at court to have Northumberland made Lord High Admiral of England, a position which had been vacant since the assassination of the 1st Duke of Buckingham in 1628.

With the choir disbanded and the cathedral closed, Tomkins turned his genius to the composition of some of his finest keyboard and consort music ; in 1647, he wrote a belated tombeau or tribute to Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, and a further one to the memory of William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, both beheaded in 1641, and both admired by Tomkins.

His dramatic paintings include Strafford Led to Execution, depicting the English Archbishop Laud stretching his arms out of the small high window of his cell to bless Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, as Strafford passes along the corridor to be executed, and the Assassination of the duc de Guise at Blois.

Charles believed in a sacramental version of the Church of England, called High Anglicanism, with a theology based upon Arminianism, a belief shared by his main political advisor, Archbishop William Laud.

Following the accession of King James VI of Scotland to the throne of England, his son King Charles I, with the assistance of Archbishop Laud sought to impose the prayer book on Scotland.

Charles further allied himself with controversial ecclesiastic figures, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.

Laud also made progress with internal organization of the Press.

With the triumph of the Restoration and with it the Church of England, Dean Fell sought to revive a project proposed in the 1630s by the late William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury: a separate building whose sole use would be graduation and degree ceremonies.

" The notion that ' sacrifice is made equally to God and Apollo ', in the same place where homage was due to God and God alone, was as repugnant to Fell and his colleagues as it had been to Laud "; with this in mind they approached the current Archbishop of Canterbury Gilbert Sheldon, for his blessing, his assistance, and a donation.

Among his works are Ladensium Aὐτοκατάκρισις, an answer to Lysimachus Nicanor by John Corbet in the form of an attack on Laud and his system, in reply to a publication which charged the Covenanters with Jesuitry ; Anabaptism, the true Fountain of Independency, Brownisme, Antinomy, Familisme, etc., a sermon which he criticises the rise of the early Baptist churches in England such as those lead by Thomas Lambe ; An Historical Vindication of the Government of the Church of Scotland ; The Life of William ( Laud ) now Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Examined ( London, 1643 ); A Parallel of the Liturgy with the Mass Book, the Breviary, the Ceremonial and other Romish Rituals ( London, 1661 ).

On top of the wars England had with France and with Spain ( both caused by the Duke of Buckingham ), Charles I and William Laud ( the Archbishop of Canterbury ) began a war with Scotland in an attempt to convert Scotland to the Church of England ( the Anglican Church ).

This suspicion seems to have arisen chiefly from his intimacy with Christopher Davenport, better known as Francis a Sancta Clara, a learned Franciscan friar who became chaplain to Queen Henrietta ; but it may have been strengthened by his known connection with Laud, as well as by his ascetic habits.

So far as the reaction was not directed against militarism, it was directed against the introduction into the political world of what appeared to be too high a standard of morality, a reaction which struck specially upon Puritanism, but which would have struck with as much force upon any other form of religion which, like that upheld by Laud, called in the power of the State to enforce its claims.

He was with Archbishop Laud before his execution, and was chaplain to King Charles I at Holmby House and at Carisbrooke Castle.

According to Laud he held out to Strafford hopes of saving his life if he would use his influence with the king to abolish episcopacy, but the earl refused, and Holles advised Charles that Strafford should demand a short respite, of which he would take advantage to procure a commutation of the death sentence.

On 11 June he addressed to Archbishop Laud, whom he regarded as his chief persecutor, a letter charging him with illegality and injustice.

L .' with which he was branded to mean ' stigmata laudis ' ((" sign of praise ", or " sign of Laud ").

There he wrote an account of his reasons for leaving Protestantism, but kept in touch with Laud.

Laud, now Archbishop of Canterbury, was anxious about Chillingworth's reply to Knott, and at his request it was examined by Richard Baily, John Prideaux, and Samuel Fell, and published with their approval in 1637, with the title The Religion of Protestants a Safe Way to Salvation.

This book, together with his insistence on points of ritual in his cathedral church and his friendship with William Laud, exposed Cosin to the hostility of the Puritans ; and the book was criticised by William Prynne and Henry Burton.

" Laud also obtained the " privilege " from the Crown of printing the King James or Authorized Version of Scripture at Oxford.

For example, William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury during the reign of King Charles I of England:

The original nave was blocked off and a new tower erected, and a new carved oak rood screen, incorporating the arms of Scudamore, Laud, and King Charles I, was made by John Abel of Hereford.

When the Irish Parliament adopted the 39 Articles in 1634 under pressure from the King and Archbishop Laud, Ussher ensured that the Church of Ireland in the Irish Convocation adopted them in addition to, not instead of, the Irish Articles.

* Consideration of the better settling of Church government, presented by Laud to the King, and sent by the King to the Archbishop of Canterbury in December 1629 ;

During the reign of King Charles I, however, as divisions between Puritan and traditional Catholic elements within the Church of England became more bitter, and Protestant Nonconformity outside the Church grew stronger in numbers and more vociferous, the " High Church " position became associated with the leadership of the " High Church " Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, ( see Laudianism ), and government policy to curtail the growth of Protestant Dissent in England and the other possessions of the Crown.

In 1633 King Charles I came to St Giles ' to have his Scottish coronation service, using the full Anglican rites, accompanied by William Laud, his new Archbishop of Canterbury.

According to one of their own origin legends ( Laud 610 ), they were descendants of Heber eldest son of King Milesius from the north of Spain ( modern-day Galicia ).

The incident set an important precedent in terms of the apparent authority of Parliament to safeguard the nation's interests and its capacity to launch legal campaigns, as it later did against Buckingham, Archbishop Laud, the Earl of Strafford and Charles I.

Charles was baptised in the Chapel Royal on 27 June by the Anglican Bishop of London William Laud and brought up in the care of the Protestant Countess of Dorset, though his godparents included his mother's Catholic relations, Louis XIII and Marie de ' Medici.

" It was his distant treatment of Charles I, Cranmer and Laud that provoked the indignation of Southey.

Subsequently, in 1637, Charles attempted to introduce a version of the Book of Common Prayer, written by a group of Scottish prelates, most notably the Archbishop of St Andrews, John Spottiswood, and the Bishop of Ross, John Maxwell, and edited for printing by the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud ; it was a combination of Knox's Book of Common Order, which was in use before 1637, and English liturgy in hopes of further unifying the ( Anglican ) Church of England and the ( Presbyterian ) Church of Scotland.

He met William Laud in Edinburgh at the time of Charles I's Scottish coronation ( 1633 ).

In 1638, the king summoned him, together with Traquair and Roxburgh, to London, but he refused to be won over, warned Charles against his despotic ecclesiastical policy, and showed great hostility towards William Laud.

1636 ) was dedicated to Laud and written at the command of Charles I.

The Personal Rule began to unravel in 1637, when Charles, along with his advisor Archbishop Laud, attempted to reform the Presbyterian Church in Scotland to bring it into line with the Anglican Church.

The Presbyterian system, even more rigid than that of the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud and the other bishops, whom no man on either side except Charles himself supported, seemed destined for replacement by the Independents and by their ideal of free conscience.

It was claimed by William Prynne that the new declaration was written by Charles ' new Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, but Laud denied this and there is only evidence that he supported and facilitated the reissue.