On October 13, 1990, Syria launched its last major operation involving its army, air force and Lebanese allies ( mainly the Lebanese Army, led by General Émile Lahoud ) against Aoun's stronghold around the presidential palace, where hundreds of Aoun supporters were killed.

Since the Lebanese constitution states that in such a situation, the outgoing president appoints a temporary prime minister to act as president during the course of a presidential vacancy, outgoing president Gemayel decided to appoint Maronite army commander Michel Aoun to that office, notwithstanding the tradition of reserving it for a Sunni Muslim.

In 1990, the civil war ended when Aoun was forced to surrender following an attack on the presidential palace, where he was still holding out, by Syrian and Lebanese military forces.

While hundreds of thousands Lebanese ( Christians and non-Christians ) gathered in the Baadba presidential palace in support for Aoun, a couple of thousands of Christians demonstrated in Bkerki against Aoun.

Since the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005, he has been a prominent participant in the Cedar Revolution protests that have swept Beirut, calling for the total withdrawal of all Syrian troops from Lebanese territory, the resignation of the pro-Syrian government, and the holding of free and fair parliamentary and presidential elections.

He is best known today as the composer of the Lebanese National Anthem, popularly known as Kulluna lil Watan ( words by Rashid Nakhle ), which was officially adopted by the Lebanese Government through a presidential decree on 12 July 1927.

Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces ( LAF ) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country.

Parliamentary and more recently municipal elections have been held with fewer irregularities and more popular participation than in the immediate aftermath of the conflict, and Lebanese civil society generally enjoys significantly more freedoms than elsewhere in the Arab world.

Hezbollah became a part of the Lebanese government following the 2005 elections but is at a crossroads regarding UNSCR 1559's call for its militia to be dismantled.

The elections, the first for 33 years without the presence of Syrian military forces, were won by the Quadripartite alliance, which was part the Rafik Hariri Martyr List, a coalition of several parties and organizations newly opposed to Syrian domination of Lebanese politics.

The Lebanese National Movement had its genesis in a previous organization, the Front of National and Progressive Parties and Forces – FNPPF ( Arabic: Jabhat al-Ahzab wa al-Quwa al-Taqaddumiyya wa al-Wataniyya ) or " Front for Progressive Parties and National Forces " ( FPPNF ), also known as the " Revisionist Front ", an alliance of anti-status quo political parties originally formed in 1969, which later run to the 1972 general elections on a reformist secular platform.

During the French Mandate and after the independence the parliamentary elections in Syria have been held under a system similar to the Lebanese one, with fixed representation for every religious community, including Druzes, Alawis and Christians.

* Lebanese prime minister Najib Mikati forms a new government to lead the country until the May elections.

In elections held between 1932 and 1972 ( the last till after the Lebanese Civil War ), seats were apportioned between Christians and Muslims in a 6: 5 ratio, with various denominations of the two faiths allocated representation roughly proportional to their size.

In the 2009 Lebanese Parliamentary elections, Moawad decided not to run for a seat in her district.

The official MP of the ADL party in the Lebanese Parliament after the 2009 elections is Jean Ogassapian as part of the same March 14 Alliance, although he is not a card-holding member of the party.

The 2005 Lebanese General Elections were the first elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon.

These elections were the first in Lebanese history to be won outright by a single electoral block and were also the first to be monitored by the United Nations.

He was a founding member of the Democratic Left Movement, which won a seat in the Lebanese parliamentary elections of 2005.

At the time of the 2005 elections, the FPM came up with a detailed political program which contained economic and political reform plans and gained the support of many Lebanese Christians.

The bombing occurred two days after Lebanon's 2005 elections ushered in an anti-Syrian majority in parliament and less than one month after Samir Kassir, a left-wing Lebanese journalist and political figure, was assassinated in a bombing.

In addition, the Lebanese Forces have also been able to attain a great deal of popularity amongst the younger generation, as evidenced by the annual student elections in Lebanese colleges.

The Lebanese Forces, along with their other March 14 allies, made additional gains in the elections geared towards the professional bodies of engineers, doctors, lawyers, and even teachers.

Some of the Lebanese Force's other main objectives include formulating a just electoral law, which would enable the Christian population to be represented fairly in local and parliamentary elections.

During the intervening years, the residents of Metula even took part in elections for the Lebanese parliament.

In the legislative elections of May and June 2005, the DLM won one seat to become the first leftist political party in the Lebanese Parliament.

* 1978 – 150 Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

* 1976 – Between 1, 000 and 3, 500 Palestinians are killed in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre, one of the bloodiest events of the Lebanese Civil War

Smaller businesses are privately owned by Beninese citizens, but some firms are foreign owned, primarily French and Lebanese.

* 2005 – Cronulla riots: Thousands of White Australians demonstrate against ethnic violence resulting in a riot against anyone thought to be Lebanese ( and many who are not ) in Cronulla Sydney.

* 2005 – Lebanese self-made billionaire and business tycoon Rafik Hariri is killed, along with 21 others, when explosives, equivalent of around 1, 000 kg of TNT, are detonated as his motorcade drove near the St. George Hotel in Beirut.

And thousands who are Middle Easterner descendants: Arabs, Lebanese, Palestinians, Syrians, Europeans, Armenians, Italians, Greeks and Turks came to Guatemala after World War I.

There are also Europeans, Indians, Lebanese, Syrians, Chinese, and Carib Amerindians ( remnants of the original pre-European population ).

Hezbollah says that its continued hostilities against Israel are justified as reciprocal to Israeli operations against Lebanon and as retaliation for what they claim is Israel's occupation of Lebanese territory.

Additionally, Hezbollah claims that three Lebanese prisoners are being held in Israel.

* 1982 – Iranian diplomats kidnapping ( 1982 ): four Iranian diplomats are kidnapped by Lebanese militia in Lebanon.

* 1980 – During the Lebanese Civil War, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.

* 2006 – Lebanon War: At least 28 civilians, including 16 children are killed by the Israeli Air Force in what Lebanese call the Second Qana massacre and what Israel considers to be an attempt to stop rockets ' being fired, from Lebanon, at Israeli civilian targets.

This sentiment was prevalent among the rally participants who opposed Hezbollah's refusal to disarm based on the claim that Lebanese and Syrian interests are linked.

There are also sharp changes in other elements of the environment, from good to poor soils, as one moves through the Lebanese mountains.

Among private broadcasters are the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation ( LBCI ), National Broadcasting Network, Radio One, and the Voice of Tomorrow.

The Lebanese officers are sent to other countries such as Russia or other parts of Europe to receive additional training.

The Lebanese Special Forces are the elite of the Lebanese army, those who enroll are subjected to rigorous training regimes and must be in peak physical and mental condition prior to their ascension to such a highly desired position.

To ensure the effectiveness of such an elite force, many Commandos are sent overseas to nations such as the US, UK and France to receive extra training in specialized areas that the Lebanese Armed Forces are unable to provide, due to a lack of resources.

The Lebanese Special Forces are also well known for killing and eating snakes with their bare hands at graduation ceremonies.

The Staff and Command College, Military Academy, and Mountain Skiing Fighting School are training centers for Lebanese soldiers designed to upgrade the quality of their skills while the High Center for Military Sport is designed to keep them in peak physical shape ( it also organizes sports groups and teams for international competition as well ).