Professor Tom Garvin has found ( 2004 ) that the protectionist policies were first suggested to de Valera by Lemass in a paper written in 1929 – 30, and then adopted following the change of government in 1932.

Agriculture, which had had disappointing results in the First Programme, was understated in the second — a clear break in the Lemass policies from de Valera's longstanding courting of rural voters.

* Seán Lemass ( 1959 – 1966 )

from: 1959 till: 1966 shift :($ dx ,$ dy ) color: FF text: Seán Lemass

from: 1959 till: 1961 shift :($ dx ,$ dy ) color: FF text: Lemass I

One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Seán Lemass ( 1899 – 1971 ), who served as Taoiseach from 1959 until 1966.

* Sean Francis Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland from 1959 – 1966, was of Huguenot immigrants who settled in Dublin.

On 23 June 1959, Seán Lemass was appointed Taoiseach on the nomination of Dáil Éireann.

Although the White Paper entitled " Economic Development " was first introduced in 1958 in de Valera's last government, its main recommendations formed the basis for the First Programme for Economic Expansion, which was adopted by Lemass as government policy upon his ascension in 1959.

Some historians have questioned whether Lemass came to the premiership too late, arguing that had he replaced de Valera as Fianna Fáil leader and Taoiseach in 1951 he could have begun the process of reform of Irish society and the industrialisation of the Republic of Ireland a decade earlier than 1959, when he eventually achieved the top governmental job.

In 1959 de Valera was elected President of Ireland and Seán Lemass became the new Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader.

The referendum failed to be passed, however, Blaney was retained in the post when Lemass succeeded de Valera as Taoiseach in 1959.

When Seán Lemass succeeded de Valera as Taoiseach in 1959 Ryan was retained in the Finance portfolio.

In 1959 MacEntee became Tánaiste when Seán Lemass was elected Taoiseach.

Seán Lemass had taken charge of Fianna Fáil in 1959.

Flanagan rose rapidly through the party ranks and was appointed a Parliamentary Secretary under Taoiseach Seán Lemass in 1959.

* Seán Lemass, Taoiseach 1959 – 1966

He was appointed Minister for Lands by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, in 1959 and was re-appointed to the Gaeltacht portfolio in 1961.

* May 11-Seán Lemass, Taoiseach from 1959 to 1966, dies in Dublin aged 71.

* Seán Lemass ( 15 July 1899 – 11 May 1971 ), Fianna Fáil politician and third Taoiseach of Ireland from 1959 until 1966.

The Lemass era is the term given to the period of economic change between 1959 and 1966 in the Republic of Ireland.

This eventually led to a compromise in 1959, under Taoiseach Sean Lemass, whereby half of the Lane Bequest would be lent and shown in Dublin every five years.

The eldest daughter of Seán Lemass ( Taoiseach from 1959 – 66 ) and his wife Kathleen, she received her primary and secondary education in Dublin.

He considers that Lemass moved the Irish economy away from free trade in the 1930s, and back into it in the 1960s ; a costly mistake that affected many thousands of ( non-voting ) emigrants.

During the Lemass Era the authority changed its role greatly and took a central role in reform and industrialisation of the economy.

Protectionism was introduced by Seán Lemass in 1932 and the economy became isolated.

In the 1960s the economy greatly expanded, under the leadership of Seán Lemass, many rehousing schemes ( including Ballymun ) were started to clear the Dublin tenements ; the Industrial Development Authority refocused on high technology and foreign direct investment was encouraged.

The new Taoiseach, Seán Lemass, began the process of retiring de Valera's ministers, many of whom had first become ministers in the de Valera cabinet of 1932.

Under Lemass, party elders such as James Ryan, Seán MacEntee and Paddy Smith retired and a new generation of politicians were introduced to government such as Brian Lenihan, Donogh O ' Malley, Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney.

In May, de Valera, assisted by Gerald Boland and Lemass, began to plan a new party.

Lemass had the two difficult tasks of developing Irish industry behind his new tariff walls, and convincing the conservative Department of Finance to promote state involvement in industry.

While Lemass concentrated on economic matters, de Valera focused primarily on constitutional affairs, leading to the passage of the new Constitution of Ireland in 1937.

De Valera became Taoiseach, while Lemass served in the new Government ( the new name for the cabinet ) again as Minister for Industry and Commerce.

Lemass believed that a new economic policy was needed, however de Valera disagreed.

A generation of leaders who had dominated Irish politics for over three decades had moved off the stage of history — although neither Fine Gael or Labour's new leaders initiated major policy changes on the level of Lemass '.

Younger men such as Brian Lenihan, Charles Haughey, Patrick Hillery and Michael Hilliard were all given their first Cabinet portfolios by Lemass, and ministers who joined under de Valera, such as Jack Lynch, Neil Blaney and Kevin Boland were promoted by the new Taoiseach.

The failure of the IRA border campaign in the 1950s and the accession of Lemass as Taoiseach heralded a new policy towards Northern Ireland.

Lemass also wanted to reward him for his loyalty by naming him Tánaiste, however, the new leader felt obliged to appoint Seán MacEntee, one of the party elders to the position.

The government was able to take control of the economic life of the country under the new Minister of Supply Seán Lemass.

Soon after, the company moved its main processing operations to a new complex at Annerville, five kilometres east of Clonmel, which was opened in 1965 by the then Taoiseach, Seán Lemass.

The introduction of new import tariffs helped some Irish industries to expand when Lemass introduced the Control of Manufactures Act, whereby the majority ownership of Irish companies was to be limited to Irish citizens.