* January 21 – Following the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin immediately begins to purge his rivals to clear the way for his leadership.

: Vladimir Lenin dies, and Joseph Stalin begins purging rivals to clear his way for leadership.

The square proper begins at the large statue of Lenin, seen in the lower right corner, casting a long shadow which points into the Square.

The removal of Stalin's body from the mausoleum he shared with Lenin to less distinguished quarters in the Kremlin wall is not unprecedented in history.

* 1917 – Lenin returns to Petrograd from exile in Switzerland.

Sitting ( from left ): Avel Enukidze, Mikhail Kalinin, Nikolai Bukharin, Mikhail Tomsky, Mikhail Lashevich, Lev Kamenev, Yevgeni Preobrazhensky, Leonid Serebryakov, Vladimir Lenin and Alexei Rykov

Lenin advocated limiting party membership to a smaller core of active members, as opposed to " card carriers " who might only be active in party branches from time to time or not at all.

Although at first the disagreement appeared to be minor and inspired by personal conflicts, for example, Lenin's insistence on dropping less active editorial board members from Iskra or Martov's support for the Organizing Committee of the Congress which Lenin opposed, the differences quickly grew and the split became irreparable.

Soon, however, the terminology changed to " Bolsheviks " and " Mensheviks ", from the Russian " bolshinstvo " ( majority ) and " menshinstvo " ( minority ), based on the fact that Lenin believed that most of the party stood behind him.

However this was not accepted and Lenin tried to expel him from the Bolshevik faction.

During the 10th Party Congress ( March 1921 ) Lenin condemned the Workers Opposition, a faction within the Communist Party, for deviating from communism and accused Trotsky of factionalism.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union emerged from the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

In the late 1920s under Stalin, the party engaged in a heavy recruitment campaign ( the " Lenin Levy ") of new members from both the working class and rural areas.

Lenin regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as Lyal S. Sunga explains: " Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of self-determination of peoples in his " Theses on the Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination " as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism " and he quotes Lenin who contended that " The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation.

To that end, they had arranged for the safe conduct of Lenin and his comrades from exile in Switzerland to Petrograd in April 1917, and financed the Bolshevik party, believing Lenin to be the most powerful weapon they could use against Russia.

Three weeks after the declaration of independence, Svinhufvud's cabinet concluded, under pressure from Germany, that it would have to negotiate with Lenin for Russian recognition.

The constitution enshrined in law the idea of autarky and prohibited the government from seeking financial aid or credits or from forming joint companies with partners from capitalist or communist countries perceived to be " revisionist " ( Having changed the original doctrines of Marx, Lenin and Stalin ).

After the outbreak of World War I Radek moved to Switzerland where he worked as a liaison between Lenin and the Bremen Left, with which he had close links from his time in Germany, introducing him to Paul Levi at this time.

Malevich's assumption that a shifting in the attitudes of the Soviet authorities towards the modernist art movement would take place after the death of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky's fall from power, was proven correct in a couple of years, when the Stalinist regime turned against forms of abstraction, considering them a type of " bourgeois " art, that could not express social realities.

In January 1912, the majority of the Bolshevik faction led by Lenin and a few Mensheviks held a conference in Prague and expelled their opponents from the party.

Tom Stoppard used this coincidence as a premise for his play Travesties ( 1974 ), which includes Tzara, Lenin, and James Joyce as characters.

Lenin also argued about the inevitability of guerrilla warfare in some conflicts by saying that

Lenin and Stalin condemned the ' Military Opposition ', because it defended the survival of the guerrilla mode of operations and resisted the creation of a regular Red Army, the utilization of the military experts of the old army and the establishment of strict military discipline.

Civil warfare intensified after Lenin dissolved the Russian Constituent Assembly ( 5 – 6 January 1918 ) and the Soviet government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ( 3 March 1918 ) removing Russia from the Great War.

Day attempted to advance a " Christian Communism " and never gave up her belief in class warfare ; she presented Lenin and Marx as secular saints in the April 1948 " Catholic Worker ," where she also declared in a headline: " We are Un-American, We Are Catholic.

Again, the resistance to Napoleon was “ never a popular, national war .” He states in his book that “ there was no mass participation by the peasantry in the guerilla bands and in their activities, and their part in the campaign was strictly limited .” According to Tarle, “… it is clear that if the Spanish guerilla warfare might justifiably be called a national war, it would be impossible to apply this term to any Russian movement in the war of 1812 .” Tarle supported his interpretation by “ denying that the peasants fought against the French and describing the burning of Smolensk and Moscow as systematic acts of the Russian army in retreat .” Naturally, Tarle also gave references to Lenin ’ s words on Napoleon in his book.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks advocated world revolution through workers ' " internal revolutions " within their own nations, but they had never advocated its spread by intra-national warfare, such as invasion by Red Army troops from a neighboring socialist nation into a capitalist one.

Overlooking an agent of influence ’ s different motivations can have negative consequences, as witnessed in World War I, when German political warfare strategists sent Vladimir Lenin back to St. Petersburg in an effort to foster domestic instability and get Russia out of the war in 1917.

While the problem of the desperate poverty of tens of millions of landless farmers across the country had to be addressed, Gandhi did not believe that class warfare was inevitable, as Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin did.

This sketch is abstract-real historical understanding needed for developing political strategy and tactics must involve " concrete analysis of concrete conditions " ( Vladimir Lenin ).

Thus Lenin remained the enfant terrible of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, although in this point in the war his following in Russia was as little as 10 000 and he must have seemed no more than the leader of an extremist wing of a bankrupt organization.

Lenin rejected this philosophy, and deplored the rejection of beautiful because it was old, and explicitly described art as needing to call on its heritage: " Proletarian culture must be the logical development of the store of knowledge mankind has accumulated under the yoke of capitalist, landowner, and bureaucratic society.

" Lenin notes that " instead of " Social Democracy ," whose official leaders throughout the world have betrayed socialism and deserted to the bourgeoisie ( the ' defencists ' and the vacillating ' Kautskyites '), we must call ourselves the Communist Party.

In a telegram, Lenin exclaimed: " We must direct all our attention to preparing and strengthening the Western Front.

to the second stage, which must place the power in the hands of the proletariat and the poorest strata of the peasantry " ( Lenin ).

Regarding the national question, Lenin and Stalin declared that the party must support the national liberation movements of oppressed peoples against imperialism.

He stressed that Lenin must under no circumstances be delivered into the hands of the investigators.

" We must say clearly and explicitly ," said Dzerzhinsky, " that those comrades who advised Lenin not to allow himself to be arrested did well.

We must make clear to all comrades that we do not trust the Provisional Government and the bourgeoisie and will not deliver Lenin until justice triumphs, that is, until that disgraceful trial is called off.

* Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, in a speech discussing the Chief Committee for Political Education, told the assembled delegates that " It is with absolute frankness that we speak of this struggle of the proletariat ; each man must choose between joining our side or the other side.

In a telegram, Lenin wrote: " We must direct all our attention to preparing and strengthening the Western Front.

* In Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 In the Soviet campaign, the player must destroy the Statue of liberty to build Lenin Statue in its place.

Hence, for Lenin, those who would bring about the revolution must devote all their energies and resources to understanding the range of Marx's thought.