The treaty was signed in Moscow on May 26, 1972 by the President of the United States, Richard Nixon and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Leonid Brezhnev ; and ratified by the US Senate on August 3, 1972.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the CPC experienced a significant ideological breakdown with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev, and later, Leonid Brezhnev.

In 1964, the Central Committee ousted Khrushchev from power, and elected Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary.

On 14 October 1964 the Central Committee, alongside the Presidium, made it clear that Khrushchev himself did not fit the model of a " Leninist leader ", and he was forced to resign from all his post, and was succeeded by Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

The nomenklatura system came under attack ; several delegates asked why the leading party members had rights to a better life, at least materially, and why the leadership was more-or-less untouchable, as they had been under Leonid Brezhnev, even if their incompetence was clear to everyone.

Its first chairman was Nikita Khrushchev, and he was succeeded in 1964 by Leonid Brezhnev.

In 1952 the title of General Secretary became First Secretary and the Politburo became the Presidium before reverting to their former names under Leonid Brezhnev in 1966.

But Andropov's ability to reshape the top leadership was constrained by his poor health and the influence of his rival ( and longtime ally of Leonid Brezhnev ) Konstantin Chernenko, who had previously supervised personnel matters in the Central Committee.

* 1978 – The last Order of Victory is bestowed upon Leonid Brezhnev.

* 1969 – A gunman attempts to assassinate Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.

There, he met and won the confidence of Leonid Brezhnev, the first secretary of the Moldavian SSR from 1950 to 1952 and future leader of the Soviet Union.

In 1964 Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was deposed, and succeeded by Leonid Brezhnev.

On 7 May 1960, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union granted Voroshilov's request for retirement and elected Leonid Brezhnev chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council ( the head of state ).

Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985.

* 1982 – In the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov becomes the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding Leonid I. Brezhnev.

Seven years later, Leonid Brezhnev, a client of Khrushchev, helped to remove his boss from power.

* 1964 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and thereby, along with his allies-such as Alexei Kosygin-the leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ), ousting the former monolithic leader Nikita Khrushchev, and sending him into retirement as a nonperson in the USSR.

* 1964 – Soviet leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin are inaugurated as General Secretary of the CPSU and Premier, respectively and the collective leadership is established.

In 1952 the title of General Secretary became First Secretary and the Politburo became the Presidium before reverting to their former names under Leonid Brezhnev in 1966.

Novotný then invited Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev to Prague that December, seeking support ; but Brezhnev was surprised at the extent of the opposition to Novotný and thus supported his removal as Czechoslovakia's leader.

Leonid Brezhnev.

Hungary's János Kádár was highly supportive of Dubček's appointment in January, but Leonid Brezhnev and others grew concerned about Dubček's reforms, which they feared might weaken the position of the Communist Bloc during the Cold War.

The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union then elected Gorbachev chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, giving Gorbachev the attributes of power that previously Leonid Brezhnev had.

On 27 December Radio Kabul broadcast Karmal's pre-recorded speech, which stated " Today the torture machine of Amin has been smashed, his accomplices – the primitive executioners, usurpers and murderers of tens of thousand of our fellow countrymen – fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, sons and daughters, children and old people ..." On 1 January Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and Alexei Kosygin, the Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers, congratulated Karmal on his " election " as leader, before any Afghan state or party organ had elected him to anything.

At the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) in 1976 Shevardnadze held a speech in which he called General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev " vozhd " ( leader ), a term previously reserved for Joseph Stalin.

Meanwhile, in March 1982 in Tashkent, USSR Secretary Leonid Brezhnev gave a speech conciliatory towards the PRC, and Deng Xiaoping took advantage of Brezhnev ’ s proffered conciliation ; in autumn of 1982, Sino-Soviet relations resumed ( semi-annually ), at the vice-ministerial level.

On 8 December, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev arrived in Prague but did not support Novotný, giving a speech to the inner circle of the Communist Party in which he stated " I did not come to take part in the solution of your problems ... ... you will surely manage to solve them on your own.

In 1969, at meeting of world Communist parties in Moscow, he made a speech strongly critical of the invasion and of Soviet policy under Leonid Brezhnev generally.

Accounts of the Ethiopian artillery deployed at Adwa differ ; Russian advisor Leonid Artamonov wrote that it comprised 42 Russian mountain guns supported by a team of fifteen advisers, but British historians suggest that the Ethiopian guns were Hotchiss and Maxim pieces captured from the Egyptians or purchased from French and other European suppliers.

* 2004 – Leonid Telyatnikov, Kazakhstani fire chief at Chernobyl ( b. 1951 )

* 1934 – In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead by Leonid Nikolayev at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad.

* 1951 – Leonid Telyatnikov, Kazakhstani fire chief at Chernobyl ( d. 2004 )

File: BerlinWall01b. jpg | Mural on the Berlin Wall at the East Side Gallery featuring Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker riding together in a Trabant ( Spring 2002 ).

** A spectacular Leonid meteor shower passes over Arizona, at the rate of 2, 300 a minute for 20 minutes.

** In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot and killed at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolaev ( it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder ).

* November – Tani Jinzan, astronomer and calendar scholar, observes a fire destroy Tosa ( now Kochi ) in Japan at the same time as a Leonid meteor shower, taking it as evidence to reinforce belief in the " Theory of Areas ".

Leonid Brezhnev again recreated the All-Union Ministry for Securing the Public Order in July 1966 and later assigned Nikolay Shchyolokov as Minister ; the RSFSR Ministry was disbanded for the second time, the first being at the creation of the NKVD of the Soviet Union.

Another disappointment for Spassky came at the qualifier for the next Interzonal, the Soviet final, played in Moscow 1961, where he again lost a crucial last-round game, this to Leonid Stein, who thus qualified, as Spassky finished equal fifth with 11 / 19, while Petrosian won.

He placed joint fifth, with Leonid Stein at the 30th Soviet championship held in Yerevan 1962, with 11½ / 19.

Spassky also won at Beverwijk 1967 with 11 / 15, one-half point ahead of Anatoly Lutikov, and shared first place at Sochi 1967 on 10 / 15 with Krogius, Alexander Zaitsev, Leonid Shamkovich, and Vladimir Simagin.

Brodsky invited distinguished painters and pedagogues to teach at the Academy, namely Konstantin Yuon, Pavel Naumov, Boris Ioganson, Semion Abugov, Pavel Shillingovsky, Dmitry Kardovsky, Alexander Osmerkin, Nikolai Radlov, Yevgeny Lansere, Alexander Lubimov, Rudolf Frentz, Nikolai Petrov, Victor Sinaisky, Vasily Shukhaev, Dmitry Kiplik, Nikolai Punin, Vasily Meshkov, Mikhail Bernshtein, Efim Cheptsov, Ivan Bilibin, Matvey Manizer, Piotr Buchkin, Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Alexander Karev, Leonid Ovsyannikov, Sergei Priselkov, Ivan Stepashkin, Konstantin Rudakov and others.

Four days later, at the Sixth Congress of International Astronautical Federation in Copenhagen, scientist Leonid I. Sedov spoke to international reporters at the Soviet embassy, and announced his country's intention to launch a satellite as well, in the " near future ".

While at the University of Minnesota, his graduate advisor was Leonid Hurwicz, who was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 2007.

Presidents have invited other world leaders to travel with them on Air Force One at times, including Nixon inviting Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev to travel with him to California from Washington, D. C. in June 1973, and George W. Bush traveled with Mexican President Vicente Fox to Toledo, Ohio on 6 September 2001 In March 2012, President Obama took the British Prime Minister David Cameron to a basketball game in Ohio aboard Air Force One.

Approximately every 33 years, the Leonid shower produces a meteor storm, peaking at rates of thousands of meteors per hour.

The crew were to meet Leonid Brezhnev during a lavish ceremony at the Kremlin, but this was ruined by an attempted assassination of the Soviet leader.

According to the Cold War scholar John Lewis Gaddis in his book " The Cold War: A New History " ( 2005 ), " Leonid Brezhnev had looked forward, Anatoly Dobrynin recalls, to the ' publicity he would gain ... when the Soviet public learned of the final settlement of the postwar boundaries for which they had sacrificed so much '... ' the Helsinki Accords gradually became a manifesto of the dissident and liberal movement '... What this meant was that the people who lived under these systems — at least the more courageous — could claim official permission to say what they thought.

In Berlin, he was instructed by Leonid Kreutzer and, at the Berlin Academy of Arts, by Artur Schnabel.