In German, the names to statutes are abbreviated using embedded capitals, e. g. StGB ( Strafgesetzbuch ) for criminal code, PatG ( Patentgesetz ) for Patent Act or the very common GmbH ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ) for Company with Limited Liability.

# Liability coverage, for the legal responsibility to others for bodily injury or property damage ;

Liability insurance providers do not provide coverage for liability arising from intentional torts committed by or at the direction of the insured.

Therefore, in 2001, the American Law Institute proposed in a draft of the Restatement ( Third ), Torts: Liability for Physical Harm ( Basic Principles ) that proximate cause should be replaced with scope of liability.

Conventions which used the Franc Poincaré included the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage.

One example is in consumer protection, with the Product Liability Directive in the European Union, where businesses making defective products that harm people must pay for any damage resulting.

Liability for bad or not working products is strict in most jurisdictions.

Liability is different for the two types.

* Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage ( 1963 )

In 1969, the Employers ' Liability ( Compulsory Insurance ) Act was passed, requiring employers to insure their liability to their employees for personal injury, disease or death sustained in their place of work.

The Employer's Liability ( Defective Equipment ) Act introduced that same year made employers liable for injuries caused to employees by defective equipment.

Discount Yield = " Charge " to Delay Payment for 1 year / Debt Liability

The relationship between the " Discount Yield " and the Rate of Return on other financial assets is usually discussed in such economic and financial theories involving the inter-relation between various Market Prices, and the achievement of Pareto Optimality through the operations in the Capitalistic Price Mechanism ,< Ref Name =" Economics_Discount "/> as well as in the discussion of the " Efficient ( Financial ) Market Hypothesis ".< Ref Name =" Finance_Discount "/>< Ref Name =" Economics_Competition "> Competition from other firms who offer other Financial Assets that promise the Market Rate of Return forces the person who is asking for a delay in payment to offer a " Discount Yield " that is the same as the Market Rate of Return .</ ref > The person delaying the payment of the current Liability is essentially compensating the person to whom he / she owes money for the lost revenue that could be earned from an investment during the time period covered by the delay in payment.

* " Selling Your Torts: Creating a Market for Tort Claims and Liability " 33 Hofstra L. Rev.

Liability is an important issue: in the UK, for example, auditors have unlimited liability.

Liability for all pre-1993 business was compulsorily transferred ( by reinsurance-to-close ) into a special vehicle called Equitas at a cost of over $ 21 billion and enormous personal losses to many Names.

Title II of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of the United States, known as the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act ( OCILLA ), creates the potential role of designated agent for any ISP ( Internet service provider ) who files a designated agent registration with the United States Copyright Office in Washington D. C.

Under the settlement filed in federal court in Columbia, S. C., Norfolk Southern will be required to pay a civil penalty of $ 3, 967, 500 for the alleged CWA violations, to be deposited in the federal Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund.

Likewise, the assignment of shares in a German limited liability company ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung or GmbH ) must be notarised under s. 15-3 of the Limited Liability Companies Act ( GmbHG ).

# ( 7 October 2010 ) Should Strict Criminal Liability be Removed from all Imprisonable Offences ?-- Professor Andrew Ashworth, the Vinerian Professor of English Law at the University of Oxford

For the alleged Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ( CERCLA ) violation for failure to immediately notify the National Response Center of the chlorine release, Norfolk Southern will pay a penalty of $ 32, 500, to be deposited in the Hazardous Substance Superfund.

The National People's Congress has so far promulgated Marriage Law, Adoption Law, Succession Law, Patent Law, Copyright Law, Contract Law, Law of Rights in Rem, Law of Tort Liability. The latest enactment is the Law of the People ’ s Republic of China on the Laws Applicable to Foreign-related Civil Relations adopted on 28 October 2010. The first part of the future Civil Code would be General Provisions which will be based on the current General Principles of Civil Law adopted in 1986.

The Naamloze Vennootschap, abbreviated as N. V. is the traditional Limited Liability Company with its capital divided into shares and may be compared with the Spanish S. A. and the U. S. Corporation.

In the Republic of Ireland, under the Occupiers ' Liability Act, 1995, the duty of care to trespassers, visitors and " recreational users " can be restricted by the occupier ; provided reasonable notice is given, for which a prominent notice at the usual entrance to the premises usually suffices.

However, a trespasser may be able to recover damages due to the unsafe state of the premises ( see Occupiers ' Liability below ).

Ghana Football shrugged off its fully Amateur Status to become Professional, enabling clubs to be incorporated under the companies Code ( Act 193, 1963 ) as Limited Liability Companies either by shares or guarantee through the 1993 Famous Winneba Declaration.

Liability connected with environmental laws and human exposure to tritium and its beta decay must also be taken into consideration during risk assessment and product development.

In 1995 EPA and DOE announced that they had entered into a joint policy agreement to assure that all DOE sites would be cleaned up to standards consistent with the EPA's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ( CERCLA ) standards.

The Superfund law, formally known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ( CERCLA ), requires that the criteria provided by the Hazard Ranking System ( HRS ) be used to make a list of national priorities of the known releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants in the United States.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

* 1980 – The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, also known as CERCLA or Superfund, is enacted by the U. S. Congress.

Liability policies typically cover only the negligence of the insured, and will not apply to results of wilful or intentional acts by the insured.

He earned his law doctorate in 1889 by writing a dissertation on legal history entitled ' Development of the Principle of Joint Liability and the Separate Fund in the Public Trading Company out of Household and Trade Communities in Italian Cities.

* 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers ' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act ( 39 Stat.

* Computer Security Publications: Information Economics, Shifting Liability and the First Amendment by Ethan M. Preston and John Lofton

* Liability — iTunes should change its clause limiting its liability to recover consumer damages if they are caused by content sold by iTunes.

The website has information about new copyright relevant legislation and a list of designated agents under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DMCA ) and the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act ( OCILLA ) and information about Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel ( CARP ) system of ad hoc copyright royalty arbitrators ( now being phased out and replaced by the Copyright Royalty Board ).

Employees of common carriers by rail have a statutory remedy under the Federal Employers ' Liability Act, 45 U. S. C.

Huber's books Liability: The Legal Revolution and its Consequences ( 1988 ) and Galileo's Revenge: Junk Science in the Courtroom ( 1991 ) and Olson's book The Litigation Explosion: What Happened When America Unleashed the Lawsuit ( 1991 ) are credited by many with framing the initial political debate over frivolous litigation, and raising the profile of this previously obscure political issue in the early 1990s.

The Employer's Liability ( Defective Equipment ) Act 1969 made employers automatically liable for equipment with defects supplied by third parties.

Under the Employers ’ Liability ( Compulsory Insurance ) Act 1969, employers must take out insurance for all injury costs, and insurance companies are precluded by law and practice from suing their employees to recover costs unless there is fraud.

Under the terms of the 1972 Space Liability Convention, a state which launches an object into space is liable for damages caused by that object.

The Federal Communications Commission issued a Notice of Apparent Liability ( a precursor to a fine ) of $ 755, 000 against four stations owned by Clear Channel Communications ( including its parent station, WXTB ) on January 27, 2004 for objectionable segments of " Bubba the Love Sponge " aired on WXTB and three other Florida stations in Jacksonville, Fort Myers and West Palm Beach.

Worker's compensation laws are dictated by state statute or Federal Employers Liability Act.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ( CERCLA ), also known as " Superfund ," was enacted in 1980 to address the problem of remediating abandoned hazardous waste sites, by establishing legal liability, as well as a trust fund for cleanup activities.

* " Potential Antitrust Liability Based on a Patent Owner's Manipulation of Industry Standard Setting ", Proceedings of ABA Antitrust Section Spring Meeting ( 2003 ) by Janice M. Mueller.

In the United Kingdom LLPs are governed by the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 ( in Great Britain ) and the Limited Liability Partnerships Act ( Northern Ireland ) 2002 in Northern Ireland.