Trevelyan's Liberalism was above all a liberalism of the spirit, a deep feeling of communion with men fighting for country and for liberty.

During the 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favour of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy ( this doctrine was usually termed ' Gladstonian Liberalism ' after the Victorian era Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ).

Hughes was a professor in the 1890s, a staunch supporter of Britain's New Liberalism, an important leader of the progressive movement of the 20th century, a leading diplomat and New York lawyer in the days of Harding and Coolidge, and was known for being a swing voter when dealing with cases related to the New Deal in the 1930s.

Strongly entrenched in an organic but very English Catholicism, advocating culturally traditionalist and agrarian values, directly challenging the precepts of Whig history — Belloc was nonetheless an MP for the Liberal Party and Chesterton once stated " As much as I ever did, more than I ever did, I believe in Liberalism.

John Locke FRS (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 ), widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.

John Rawls was an American philosopher, a professor of political philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), Political Liberalism, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, and The Law of Peoples.

In the 1860s and 1870s, Gladstonian Liberalism was characterised by a number of policies intended to improve individual liberty and loosen political and economic restraints.

It is, indeed, not too much to say that his conception of Liberalism was the negation of Socialism.

If so, all I can say is, it is a new Liberalism, and not the one that I have known and practised under more illustrious auspices than these, under one who was not merely the greatest Liberal but the greatest financier that this country has ever known — I mean Mr. Gladstone ... Gladstone ranks as the great financial authority of our country ... Mr. Gladstone would be 100 in December if he were alive, but, centenarian as he would be, I am inclined to think that he would make very short work of the deputation of the Cabinet that waited on him with this measure, and that they would soon find themselves on the stairs, if not in the street.

In his first major speech after he had lost his seat in the 1918 general election, Asquith said: " That is the purpose and the spirit of Liberalism, as I learned it as a student in my young days, as I was taught it both by the precept and the example of the great Liberal statesman Mr Gladstone ... that remains the same today.

For example, in the 19th century, Conservatives opposed classic Liberalism, favouring factory regulation, market intervention, and various controls to mitigate the effects of laissez faire capitalism, but in the 20th century, the role of Conservativism was to oppose a danger from the opposite direction, the excessive regulation, intervention, and controls favoured by Socialism.

Liberalism was not recognized as a coherent theory as such until it was collectively and derisively termed idealism by E. H. Carr.

The promise of the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church was offered to the clergy, who were frightened by anti-clerical policies of Spanish Liberalism.

His hostility had in one respect a rational basis, Parnell was recklessly endangering the Irish party's all-important alliance with Gladstonian Liberalism.

Griffith's fierce criticism of the Irish Parliamentary Party's alliance with British Liberalism was heavily influenced by the anti-Liberal rhetoric of Young Irelander John Mitchel.

George Dangerfield said Campbell-Bannerman's death " was like the passing of true Liberalism.

It was not until Campbell-Bannerman's departure that the doctrines of New Liberalism came to be implemented.

Hardenberg was wise enough ; he saw the necessity for constitutional reform ; but he clung with almost senile tenacity to the sweets of office, and when the tide turned against Liberalism he allowed himself to drift with it.

Ranke, who was a conservative, used the journal to attack the ideas of Liberalism.

His economic philosophy was one of strict Gladstonian Liberalism rather than socialism.

Irwin was also responsible for orienting the magazine towards both small and big " L " Liberalism.

Liberalism is now represented by the mainly Turkish minority party Movement for Rights and Freedoms ( Dviženie za prava i svobodi, observer LI, member ELDR ) and the National Movement for Stability and Progress ( Nacionalno Dviženie za Stabilnost i Vazhod, member LI, ELDR ), both taking a more or less liberal position.

Liberalism is now represented by the mainly Turkish minority party Movement for Rights and Freedoms ( Dviženie za prava i svobodi, observer LI, member ELDR ) and the National Movement for Simeon II ( Nacionalno Dviženie Simeon Vtori, member LI, ELDR ), both taking a more or less liberal position.

* Leroux, Robert ( 2011 ), Political Economy and Liberalism in France: The Contributions of Frédéric Bastiat, London, Routledge.

* Liberalism and Radicalism in France

* Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism, Social Forces in England and France 1815-1870, J. Salwyn Schapiro, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., NY, 1949.

* Liberalism and radicalism in France

Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism: Social Forces in England and France, 1815-1870.

# Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism, Social Forces in England and France ( 1815 – 1870 ), J. Salwyn Schapiro, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., NY, 1949. pg 328 ( ISBN 0-374-97087-4 ).

In his book, Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism, Schapiro set out to discuss the changes in both England and France.

* Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism, Social Forces in England and France, ( 1815 – 1870 ), publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., NY, 1949.

* Schapiro ; J. Salwyn ; Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism: Social Forces in England and France, 1815-1870, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., NY, 1949. pg 368.

# REDIRECT Liberalism and radicalism in France

# redirect Liberalism and radicalism in France

( Main article: Liberalism and radicalism in France ).

Liberalism and radicalism in France do not form the same type of ideology.

# REDIRECT Liberalism and radicalism in France

* Liberalism and radicalism in France

I pledge to strengthen European Liberalism, support Liberal parties across our continent and build up the ELDR by opening its doors to new members.

However, their efforts were unable to stop the spread of revolutionary movements: the middle classes had been deeply influenced by the ideals of the French revolution, the Industrial Revolution brought important economical and social changes, the lower classes started to be influenced by socialist, communist and anarchistic ideas ( especially those summarised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto ), and the preference of the new capitalists became Liberalism.

* Liberalism ( book ), a 1927 book by Ludwig von Mises

* Marxism, Liberalism, And Feminism ( Leftist Legal Thought ) New Delhi, Serials ( 2010 ) by Dr. Jur.

* The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism, by members of the British Liberal Democrat party

: For twenty years junior minister in a Tory government, he became the most successful of Whig Foreign Secretaries ; though always a Conservative, he ended his life by presiding over the transition from Whiggism to Liberalism.

He notes the popularity enjoyed by federal Liberal Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier as well as the Premiership of Adélard Godbout as examples of Québec Liberalism prior to the events of the Quiet Revolution.

He continued, however, to contribute articles to the North British Review, which, previously a Scottish Free Church organ, had been acquired by friends in sympathy with him, and which for some years ( until 1872, when it ceased to appear ) actively promoted the interests of a high-class Liberalism in both temporal and ecclesiastical matters ; he also did a good deal of lecturing on historical subjects.

the French Liberalism of the school of Rotteck, and Karl Ludwig von Haller's Romanticist doctrine of the Christian state, Dahlmann took as his premises the circumstances as he found them, and evolved the new out of the old by a quiet process of development.

* Radical Liberalism and Youth Politics by Peter Hain, 1973, Liberal Publications Department ISBN 0-900520-36-1

In its March 2007 issue, TNR ran an article by Paul Starr ( co-founder of the magazine's main rival, The American Prospect ) where he defined the type of modern American liberalism in his article War and Liberalism:

* Harry Willcock: the forgotten champion of Liberalism by Mark Egan

Though returned as a Unionist, his political action was not to be dictated by party considerations, and he gravitated towards Liberalism ; but he played no prominent part in parliament and at the election of 1906 was defeated.

Nussbaum furthered the capabilities approach in Frontiers of Justice ( 2006 ), to expand upon social contractarian explanations of justice, as developed most extensively by John Rawls ' in his Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism, The Law of Peoples, and related works.

However, the Liberal Party split on the issue of Irish Home Rule, leading to another general election in 1886 in which the Conservatives were the largest party and were enabled to form a minority government by the fragment of Liberalism opposed to Home Rule, the Liberal Unionist Party.

The ideologies espoused by candidates, whether Socialism or Liberalism, are set in motion by, and ultimately serve, only money.