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Liquid oxygen is a common liquid oxidizer propellant for spacecraft rocket applications, usually in combination with liquid hydrogen or kerosene.
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Liquid and oxygen
Liquid oxygen is used as an oxidizer of hydrogen, but oxygen is not, strictly speaking, a fuel.
Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet.
Liquid hydrogen and oxygen were also used in the Space Shuttle to run the fuel cells that power the electrical systems.
* Liquid oxygen and kerosene or RP-1
* Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen
* Liquid oxygen and ethanol
Liquid nitrogen may be produced for direct sale, or as a byproduct of manufacture of liquid oxygen used for industrial processes such as steelmaking.
Liquid oxygen — abbreviated LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industries — is one of the physical forms of elemental oxygen.
Liquid oxygen has a pale blue color and is strongly paramagnetic and can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet.
Liquid oxygen has a density of 1. 141 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 1. 141 kg / L ) and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 50. 5 K (− 368. 77 ° F ; − 222. 65 ° C ) and a boiling point of 90. 19 K (− 297. 33 ° F, − 182. 96 ° C ) at 101. 325 kPa ( 760 mmHg ).
Liquid oxygen has an expansion ratio of 1: 861 at 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ); and because of this, it is used in some commercial and military aircraft as a source of breathing oxygen.
Liquid oxygen is also a very powerful oxidizing agent: organic materials will burn rapidly and energetically in liquid oxygen.
Liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point at − 196 ° C ( 77 K ) than oxygen's − 183 ° C ( 90 K ), and vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air: when most of the nitrogen has evaporated from such a vessel there is a risk that liquid oxygen remaining can react violently with organic material.
Liquid oxygen is obtained from the oxygen found naturally in air by fractional distillation in a cryogenic air separation plant.
Liquid oxygen is useful in this role because it creates a high specific impulse.
Liquid oxygen was also used in some early ICBMs, although more modern ICBMs do not use liquid oxygen because its cryogenic properties and need for regular replenishment to replace boiloff make it harder to maintain and launch quickly.
Liquid and is
In the construction industry a specialised proprietary adhesive known as Liquid Nails ( or liquid nails as the generic ), is used.
Liquid ink electrostatic printer use a chemical coated paper, which is charged by the print head according to the image of the document.
Liquid water has continuous translational symmetry, which is broken in crystalline ice.
Liquid " compost tea " is drained once or twice a week and can be diluted 1: 100 and added to plants as fertilizer, and is safe to pour down the sewer for disposal.
Liquid chromatography ( LC ) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid.
Liquid nitrogen is the most commonly used element in cryogenics and is legally purchasable around the world.
Liquid helium is also commonly used and allows for the lowest attainable temperatures to be reached.
Liquid mal-distribution is more frequently the problem than vapor.
Liquid in the Cassie – Baxter state is more mobile than in the Wenzel state.
Liquid and gaseous biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel ( a form of diesel fuel that is produced from crops that yield triglycerides such as soybean oil ), can also be used.
Liquid water is densest, essentially 1. 00 g / cm³, at 4 ° C and becomes less dense as the water molecules begin to form the hexagonal crystals of ice as the freezing point is reached.
* 1973 – Catastrophic BLEVE ( Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion ) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane is being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills 11 firefighters.
The Liquid Crystal Display is intrinsically a “ passive ” device, it is a simple light valve.
Liquid crystal in fluid form is used to detect electrically generated hot spots for failure analysis in the semiconductor industry.
Jonathan Smeeton is a British lighting designer who has also worked under the name of Liquid Len.
Liquid malt extract is a thick syrup.
Liquid nitrogen, a fluid resembling water in appearance, but with 80. 8 % of the density ( the density of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point is 0. 808 g / mL ), is a common cryogen.
Liquid and common
Liquid fuel lanterns remain popular where the fuel ( see portable stove for a discussion on fuel ) is easily obtained and is in common use.
Liquid air plants producing on the order of tons per day of product started to be built in the 1930's but became very common after the Second World War ; a large modern plant may product 3000 tons / day of liquid air products.
Some common methods are visual, microscopy, Liquid or dye penetrant inspection, magnetic-particle inspection, X-ray or radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy-current testing, acoustic emission testing, and thermographic inspection.
Liquid dancing has many moves in common with popping and waving.
Liquid dancing covers many of the same fundamentals as popping and it is fully possible ( and common ) for dancers to combine the styles, further blurring the distinction between the two.
Liquid nitrogen, which boils at about-196 ° C ( 77K ), is the most common and least expensive coolant in use.
Liquid phase epitaxy ( LPE ), in which a substrate is repeatedly dipped into a liquid melt, gives the best results in terms of crystalline quality, and is still a common technique of choice for industrial production.
Liquid and liquid
* Liquid to solid cycle ( Frost heaving — water changing from ice to liquid and back again can lift rock up to 60 cm.
The origins and the complex history of liquid crystal displays from the perspective of an insider during the early days were described by Joseph A. Castellano in Liquid Gold: The Story of Liquid Crystal Displays and the Creation of an Industry.
* Timothy J. Sluckin History of Liquid Crystals, a presentation and extracts from the book Crystals that Flow: Classic papers from the history of liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals ( LCs ) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal.
Liquid crystals find wide use in liquid crystal displays, which rely on the optical properties of certain liquid crystalline substances in the presence or absence of an electric field.
Liquid crystal lasers use a liquid crystal in the lasing medium as a distributed feedback mechanism instead of external mirrors.
* Introduction to liquid crystals from the Liquid Crystal Technology Group, Oxford University
Liquid column gauges consist of a vertical column of liquid in a tube that has ends which are exposed to different pressures.
Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.
Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.
Liquid and slurry pumps can lose prime and this will require the pump to be primed by adding liquid to the pump and inlet pipes to get the pump started.
Liquid pressure also depends on the density of the liquid.
Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are the most commonly used forms of energy storage for use in transportation, but because the byproducts of the reaction that utilizes these liquid fuels ' energy ( combustion ) produce greenhouse gases other energy carriers like hydrogen can be used to avoid production of greenhouse gases.
A similar product, called the Liquid Flavor Injector, allowed for the injecting of liquid ingredients into meat, e. g., lime juice into chicken.
Liquid propellants generally have densities similar to water ( with the notable exceptions of liquid hydrogen and liquid methane ), and these types are able to use lightweight, low pressure tanks and typically run high-performance turbopumps to force the propellant into the combustion chamber.
Liquid helium also has this property, but, in the case of He-II, the flow of the liquid in the layer is not restricted by its viscosity but by a critical velocity which is about 20 cm / s.
* Liquid breathing-so far, in the real world, liquid breathing for humans is only laboratory experiments, and ( one lung at a time ) medical treatment.
* Liquid in liquid:
0.734 seconds.