His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

Alexander (; ) ( 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506 ) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland.

He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father ( 1492 ), and King of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert ( 1501 ).

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The most the Grand Duke of Lithuania could do was to garrison Smolensk and other strongholds and employ his wife Helena, the Tsar's daughter, to mediate a truce between his father-in-law and himself after the disastrous Battle of Vedrosha ( 1500 ).

1309 – 26 May 1339 ) was the Queen of Poland ( 1333 – 1339 ), and the Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

1330, but there is no evidence of fights between Poland and Lithuania while Aldona was alive.

Saint Bruno of Querfurt ( c. 974 – February 14, 1009 ), also known as Brun and Boniface, is a sainted missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania while trying to spread Christianity in Eastern Europe.

It was influential in France, Hungary, then-independent Transylvania, Lithuania and Poland.

" The name was used officially for the confederal country formed by Poland and Lithuania 1569 – 1795.

* In Lithuania, the CPSU was banned in 1991.

She was a daughter of Gediminas of Lithuania and Jewna.

This was especially marked in the Baltic Republics of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, which had been annexed into the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin in 1940.

Piłsudski's planned East European federation of states ( inspired by the tradition of the multiethnic " Republic of Both Nations " and including a hypothetical multinational successor state to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ) was incompatible, at the time of rising national movements, with his assumption of Polish domination and with the encroachment on the neighboring peoples ' lands and aspirations ; as such it was doomed to failure.

The government ( foreign policy conduct was the responsibility of Józef Beck ) undertook opportunistic hostile actions against Lithuania and Czechoslovakia, while it failed to control the increasingly fractured situation at home, where fringe groups and extreme nationalist circles were getting more outspoken ( one Camp of National Unity was connected to the new strongman, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły ).

Pessimism in the south was more intense after the Cossacks ' Uprising ( 1648 – 1654 ) under Chmielnicki and the turbulent times in Poland ( 1648 – 1660 ), which violently ruined the Jewry of South East Poland, but did not much affect that of Lithuania and Estonia.

Eleven days later, the secret protocol of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was modified, allotting Germany a larger part of Poland, while ceding most of Lithuania to the Soviet Union.

After Stalin declared that he was going to " solve the Baltic problem ", by June 1940, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were merged into the Soviet Union, after repressions and actions therein brought about the deaths of over 160, 000 citizens of these states.

Emperor Sigismund himself was an heir of Casimir III, as eldest son of his mother Elisabeth of Pomerania, who was since 1377 the only surviving child of Elisabeth of Poland, herself daughter of Casimir III from his first marriage with Aldona Gediminaite of Lithuania.

On 27 September 1939, Ribbentrop made a second visit to Moscow, where at meetings with the Soviet Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov and Joseph Stalin, he was forced to agree to revising the Secret Protocols of the Non-Aggression Pact in the Soviet Union's favour, most notably agreeing to Stalin's demand that Lithuania go to the Soviet Union.

The areas in white to the east were given to Poland, Russia, and Lithuania

Lithuania is determined to restructure the armed forces so that from the end of 2014, one tenth of the Land Forces could at any given time be deployed for international operations, while half of the Land Forces would be prepared to be deployed outside Lithuania ’ s borders.

The Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were given no choice but to sign a so-called Pact of defence and mutual assistance which permitted the Soviet Union to station troops in them.

The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.

On 28 October 1939, the Red Army withdrew from the city to its suburbs ( to Naujoji Vilnia ) and Vilnius was given over to Lithuania.

In 1389, Władysław's rule in Lithuania faced a revived challenge from Vytautas, who resented the power given to Skirgaila in Lithuania at the expense of his own patrimony.

At any given time there were four Hetmans – Great and Field ( deputy ) for Poland and Lithuania each.

Under the terms of the Pact, Hitler was, in effect, given authorisation to occupy two-thirds of Western Poland, as well as Lithuania.

As a national hero of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States, Kościuszko has given his name to many places and monuments around the world.

He gave the merchants of Poland and Lithuania trade privileges and renewed those his predecessors had given to the people of Braşov.

Under the terms of the Nazi-Soviet pact, adjusted by agreement on 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union annexed all Polish territory east of the line of the rivers Pisa, Narew, Bug and San, except for the area around Vilnius ( known in Polish as Wilno ), which was given to Lithuania, and the Suwałki region, which was annexed by Germany.

The total area, including the area given to Lithuania, was 201, 000 square kilometres, with a population of 13. 5 million.

The Soviets annexation included all Polish territory east of the line of the rivers Pisa, Narew, Bug, and San, except for western part of the Wilno Voivodship with its capital Wilno ( Vilnius ), which was given to Lithuania ( see map ), and the Suwałki region, which was annexed by Nazi Germany.

The total area, including the area given to Lithuania, was 201, 015 square kilometres, with a population of 13. 299 million, of which 5. 274 million were ethnic Poles and 1. 109 million were Jews.

After the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact and the Polish Defensive War of 1939, Lithuania was given Vilnius, and its surroundings up to 30 kilometers, on October 10, 1939.

Tykocin received city rights from prince Janusz I of Warsaw in 1425, but several months later it was given to Grand Duchy of Lithuania by the Polish king Wladyslaw II Jagiello.

When during the Prussian siege of the city Mokronowski was sent to Lithuania to replace ailing Wielhorski, Poniatowski was given his post in Warsaw's defense parameter.

Vytautas is a popular male given name in Lithuania.

De Basil was born Vassily Grigorievich Voskresensky in Kaunas, Lithuania ( his year of birth is given variously as 1880 or 1886.

The territory, which was given the denomination Lithuania Minor in the 16th century, was not alien to Lithuanians ethnically as well as politically in earlier times.

The patrimony for Nadruvia and Scalovia was remembered by post-Mindaugas grand dukes of Lithuania: Algirdas, during the negotiation on Lithuania's Christianization, postulated ( 1358 ) for the emperor of Holy Roman Empire, Charles IV, that he would accept Christianity when the Order was transferred to Russia's border to fight Tatars and Lithuania would be given back the lands to Alna, Pregolya rivers and Baltic sea.