Livy ( I, 21 ) also states that Romulus ruled for 37 years.

She is described as such in both Livy and Plutarch ; but in Dionysius, Macrobius, and another tradition recorded by Plutarch, she was instead the wife of Hostus Hostilius, a Roman champion at the time of Romulus.

According to Livy, after the conflict the Sabine and Roman states merged, and the Sabine king Titus Tatius jointly ruled Rome with Romulus until Tatius ' death five years later.

According to Livy, the first 100 men appointed as senators by Romulus were referred to as " fathers " ( patres ), and the descendants of those men became the Patrician class.

According to Livy, lictors were first introduced by Rome's first king, Romulus, who appointed twelve lictors to attend his majesty.

Livy refers to two competing traditions for the reason Romulus chose that number of lictors.

Although the Roman historian Livy ( 59 BC – AD 17 ) lists a series of seven kings of early Rome in his work Ab Urbe Condita, from its establishment through its earliest years, the degree to which the first four kings ( Romulus, Numa, Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius ) are apocryphal is certainly open to question.

Traditionally, Romulus fortified one of the first-settled of Rome's seven hills, the Palatine Hill, after founding the city, and Livy states that shortly after its founding Rome was " equal to any of the surrounding cities in her prowess in war ".

According to the Roman historian Livy, Romulus established three centuries of equites, totalling 300 men.

Fabius was used as a source by Plutarch ,< Ref > Life of Romulus </ Ref > Polybius, Livy, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and his work had been translated into Latin by the time of Cicero.

According to Livy, in the 8th century BC at the time when Romulus and Titus Tatius jointly ruled Rome, the ambassadors of the Laurentes came to Rome but were beaten by Tatius ' relatives.

According to Livy, Romulus spoke to them each in person, " and pointed out to them that it was all owing to the pride of their parents in denying the right of intermarriage to their neighbours.

Returning to Rome, Romulus dedicated a temple to Jupiter Feretrius ( according to Livy, the first temple dedicated in Rome ) and offered the spoils of the enemy king as spolia opima.

According to Livy, his first act as king was to order the Pontifex Maximus to copy the text concerning the performance of public ceremonies of religion from the commentaries of Numa Pompilius to be displayed to the public, so that the rites of religion should no longer be neglected or improperly performed.

Caesar is the only narrative source for this episode, as the corresponding books of Livy ’ s histories are only preserved in the Periochae, short summarising lists of contents, in which hostages given by the Romans, but no yoke, are mentioned.

The fired rockfall event is mentioned only by Livy ; Polybius is mute on the subject and there is no evidence of carbonized rock at the only two-tier rockfall in the Western Alps, located below the Col de la Traversette ( Mahaney, 2008 ).

There was as yet no precedent for a triumph except in a senior magistracy with command rights ( praetura or consulate ) or with command rights extended from such a magistacy ( viri pro praetore and pro consule ): on these grounds, according to Livy, the request was quite properly refused.

40 ) in which Livy describes the character of Cato, there is no word of blame for the rigid discipline of his household.

Livy puts the reason bluntly: the consuls could no longer seek advantage by arbitrarily tampering with the laws of Rome.

In the abbreviated ( one section ) and skeptical version of Livy, no battle took place, but " his own men, a panic-struck mob, were deserting their posts and throwing away their arms .".

Livy gives no clue as to what such men were doing on the field in the first place and, though finding Cocles ' feats incredible, apparently sees no contradiction between the rank, experience and character of the generals and their supposed behavior on the field.

Apparently the emperor held no grudges against the Livii, even tolerating the republicanism of the author, Livy, distant kinsman of Livia Drusilla.

According to Livy a Roman army ravaged Aequan territory again in 388, this time meeting no resistance.

The crux of the problem is that there is no contemporaneous account of the conflict ; writers such as Polybius, who might have met persons whose grandparents participated in the conflict, do not mention it, while the writers who do speak of the conflict, such as Livy or Cicero, report fact and fable equally readily, and invariably assume that there were no fundamental changes in Roman institutions in nearly 500 years.

There is no archaeological evidence from material culture of such a cultural shift, but adherents of this latter school of thought point to the legend of Lydian origin of the Etruscans referred to by Herodotus, and the statement of Livy that the Raetians were Etruscans driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls.

He falsified the report about the trials of the Scipio brothers ( compare Livy 38. 50-60 ) and seems to have invented high offices and deeds of members of his house, the gens Valeria, who lived in the early Roman republic because there were no reliable sources about these early times, which could have disproved his assertions.

# There is no mention of the Catilinarian Conspiracy, which disappears from the historical record after Livy.

According to Livy, the Samnites had no idea what to do to take advantage of their success.

Terracina occupied a position of notable strategic importance: it is located in fact at the point where the Volscian Hills ( an extension of the Lepini Mountains ) reach the coast, leaving no space for passage between them and the sea, in a site commanding the Pontine Marshes ( urbs prona in paludes, " a city flat in the marshes ", as Livy called it ) and also possessing a small harbour.

Livy is clear that no sexual assault took place.

It is a striking fact that Ammianus, though a professional soldier, gives excellent pictures of social and economic problems, and in his attitude to the non-Roman peoples of the empire he is far more broad-minded than writers like Livy and Tacitus ; his digressions on the various countries he had visited are particularly interesting.

Concerning the differences and similarities in Machiavelli's advice to ruthless and tyrannical princes in The Prince and his more republican exhortations in Discourses on Livy, many have concluded that The Prince although written in the form of advice for a monarchical prince, contains arguments for the superiority of republican regimes, similar to those found in the Discourses.

The Greek historian Polybius, writing more than a century before Livy, became one of the first to describe the emergence of the Roman Empire.

In spite of the severe punishment inflicted on those found in violation of this decree ( Livy claims there were more executions than imprisonment ), the Bacchanalia survived in Southern Italy long past the repression.

Livy mentions a portus Tarraconis ; and according to Eratosthenes it had a naval station or roads (); but Artemidorus says with more probability that it had none, and scarcely even an anchoring place ; and Strabo himself calls it.

Livy repeats more or less the same story, but shifts the initiative for deification to the people of Rome:

Livy found the swimming event hard to believe, quipping " though many missiles fell over him he swam across in safety to his friends, an act of daring more famous than credible with posterity.

The first human settlements date back to more than 700, 000 years, according to the dating of some Palaeolithic hand-made fragments recently recovered ; while the historical sources ( Livy, Virgil, Servius, Silius Italicus ) mention Anagni only once, the city had already been introduced into the Roman orbit.

His idea of history was more severe and less rhetorical than that of Sallust and Livy, whom he blamed for putting elaborate speeches into the mouths of the characters of whom they wrote.

Niccolò Machiavelli attempted to address Vegetius ' defects in his L ' arte della Guerra ( Florence, 1521 ), with heavy use of Polybius, Frontinus and Livy, but Justus Lipsius ' accusation that he confused the institutions of diverse periods of the Roman Empire and G. Stewechius ' opinion that the survival of Vegetius ' work led to the loss of his named sources were more typical of the late Renaissance.

The loss of Bolingbroke's great speeches was regretted by William Pitt more than that of the missing books of Livy and Tacitus.

Niccolò Machiavelli attempted to address Vegetius's defects in his L ' arte della Guerra ( Florence, 1521 ), with heavy use of Polybius, Frontinus and Livy, but Justus Lipsius ' accusation that he confused the institutions of diverse periods of the Roman Empire and G. Stewechius ' opinion that the survival of Vegetius ' work led to the loss of his named sources were more typical of the late Renaissance.

Livy says that they were concerned " not so much for the Aetolians, who were more warlike than the rest of the Greeks, as for the liberty of Greece, which would be seriously endangered if Philip and his kingdom took an active part in Greek politics.

Livy stated that there were more executions than imprisonments.

In 403 BC, according to Livy, in a crisis during the siege of Veii, the army urgently needed to deploy more cavalry, and " those who possessed equestrian rating but had not yet been assigned public horses " volunteered to pay for their horses out of their own pocket.

According to Livy, this was the act of an unselfish Hellenophile, although it seems more likely that Flamininus understood freedom as liberty for the aristocracy of Greece, who would then become clients of Rome, as opposed to being subjected to Macedonian hegemony.

Livy gives him the title of vir duxque magnus with the implied qualities that were nothing more than the ideals of the ancient virtues.

Livy claims that there were more than 61, 000 slain or captured Carthaginian soldiers at the end of the battle and there were still more who escaped the slaughter.

The Annales have been generally regarded as the same with the Commentarii Pontificum cited by Livy, but there seems reason to believe that the two were distinct, the Commentarii being fuller and more circumstantial.

); and more concretely in Livy ( 30. 12. 11-15. 11 ), Diodorus ( 27. 7 ), Appian ( Pun.

This last privilege, after having been suffered to fall into disuse for a long period, was asserted by C. Valerius Flaccus ( 209 BC ), the claim allowed however, says Livy, more in deference to his high personal character than from a conviction of the justice of the demand.

Both the Chronicklis and the Livy are prefaced by poems, the Proheme of the Chronicles, ' Quehen Silver Diane ', being more often anthologised.

In Book IX Livy states that the Cimminian Forest was more impassible than the German had been recently, referring to the Hercynian Forest ( Black Forest ) first opened by Drusus and Ahenobarbus.