It is Pictor whom Livy names when reporting the casualties at the Battle of Trebia.

The archaeological evidence from Bologna and its vicinity contradicts the testimony of Polybius and Livy on some points, who say the Boii expelled the Etruscans and perhaps some were forced to leave.

The fired rockfall event is mentioned only by Livy ; Polybius is mute on the subject and there is no evidence of carbonized rock at the only two-tier rockfall in the Western Alps, located below the Col de la Traversette ( Mahaney, 2008 ).

Livy says merely that the colony was sent in Thurinum agrum, and does not mention anything of a change of name ; but Strabo tells us that they gave to the new colony the name of Copiae, and this statement is confirmed both by Stephanus of Byzantium, and by the evidence of coins, on which, however, the name is written " COPIA ".

It is impossible to establish today whether Livy had any evidence for the existence of these rumours, or if they are just conjecture by Livy or his sources.

There is no archaeological evidence from material culture of such a cultural shift, but adherents of this latter school of thought point to the legend of Lydian origin of the Etruscans referred to by Herodotus, and the statement of Livy that the Raetians were Etruscans driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls.

Howard concludes disparagingly that " It is on such evidence as this that we are asked to believe that Antias was the source of considerable portions of Livy's history and that Livy followed blindly, at least in the earlier part of his work.

Caesar is the only narrative source for this episode, as the corresponding books of Livy ’ s histories are only preserved in the Periochae, short summarising lists of contents, in which hostages given by the Romans, but no yoke, are mentioned.

The study of these different institutions has been considerably renewed thanks to epigraphy, which has given us the possibility to reread the indications given us by ancient literary sources such as Livy and Polybius.

Florus calls it the urbs urbinum, or capital of Sardinia, and represents it as taken and severely punished by Gracchus, but this statement is wholly at variance with the account given by Livy, of the wars of Gracchus, in Sardinia, according to which the cities were faithful to Rome, and the revolt was confined to the mountain tribes.

Livy describes the assignments given to either consuls or praetors in some detail.

Even Flaccus hesitated, but his colleague Cato was inflexible, and made an impolite and characteristic speech, the substance of which, remodelled and modernized, is given by Livy.

In addition to the consul Paullus, Livy goes on to record that among the dead were 2 quaestors, 29 of the 48 military tribunes ( some of consular rank, including the consul of the previous year, Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, and the former Master of the Horse, Marcus Minucius Rufus ), and 80 " senators or men who had held offices which would have given them the right to be elected to the Senate ".

It is clear that Livy, or his sources, has consciously modelled the Campanian embassy after the " Corcyrean debate " in Thucydides ' History of the Peloponnesian War There are many parallels between the speech given by the Campanian ambassador to the Roman senate in Livy and the speech of the Corcyrean ambassador to the Athenian assembly in Thucydides.

But when and by whom it was destroyed is uncertain ; it was almost certainly subjugated at a later date than that given by Livy, and may have been destroyed by the Latins and not by the Romans, who might have regarded as impious the destruction of their traditional mother-country.

In the account given by Livy, Laevinus, hearing that Apollonia was under siege, sent 2000 men under the command of Quintus Naevius Crista, to the mouth of the river.

Livy ( 8. 31-36 ) describes a tense scene where Papirius stood nearly alone against the Senate and people, who supported Fabius because of his victory, but who also did not wish undercut the absolute authority they had given Papirius ; finally Fabius threw himself at the feet of the dictator and asked forgiveness, which was granted.

Although the precise location is not known, it is generally accepted that a settlement known today as Vigevano is mentioned in the text of Livy and that Scipio's camp was at Gambolo to the south, whose coordinates are given on the map.

Livy adds that he believes the ranks of the Carthaginians were expanded by contingents of Ligurians and Gauls to reach 80, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry ( the figure given by Lucius Cincius Alimentus ).

In 1738 he published at Utrecht a Dissertation sur l ' incertitude des cinq prèmiers siècles de l ' histoire romaine, in which he showed what untrustworthy guides even the historians of highest repute, such as Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, were for that period, and pointed out by what methods and by the aid of what documents truly scientific bases might be given to its history.

This is illustrated by the example given by Titus Livy of the colony of Massalia ( the present day Marseilles ), where those who wanted to kill themselves merely applied to the Senate, and if their reasons were judged sound they were then given hemlock free of charge.

On his return to Rome, Nobilior celebrated a triumph ( of which full details are given by Livy ) remarkable for the magnificence of the spoils exhibited.

The choice whether a collegium of Consular Tribunes or consuls were to be elected for a given year was made by senatus consultum, thereby ( according to Livy ) accounting for the periods of either office interspersed with the other.

The History of the City of Rome ( 1865 ) down to the end of the Middle Ages was followed by the History of the Kings of Rome ( 1868 ), which, upholding against the German school the general credibility of the account of early Roman history, given in Livy and other classical authors, was violently attacked by J. R. Seeley and the Saturday Review, as showing ignorance of the comparative method.

During Virgil's time Aeneas was well-known and various versions of his adventures were circulating in Rome, including Roman Antiquities by Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( relying on Marcus Terentius Varro, Ab Urbe Condita by Livy ( probably dependent on Quintus Fabius Pictor, fl.

According to Livy the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

The declaration is notable since, according to Livy, it was the first time that the Romans had declared war by means of the rites of the fetials.

Her function as bestower of authority to rule is also attested in the story related by Livy in which a Sabine man who sacrifices a heifer to Diana wins for his country the seat of the Roman empire.

The formation of the Latin League led by Laevius ( or Baebius ) Egerius happened under the influence of an alliance with the tyrant of Cuma Aristodemos and is probably connected to the political events at end of the 6th century narrated by Livy and Dionysius, such as the siege of Aricia by Porsenna's son Arruns.

* A sacred wood mentioned by Livy ad compitum Anagninum ( near Anagni ).

* Livy The War with Hannibal translated by Aubrey de Selincourt 1974, Penguin Books, London, England.

The latter may or may not be identical with the Teutones named by Livy.

The American founders rarely cited Rousseau, but came independently to their Republicanism and enthusiastic admiration for the austere virtues described by Livy and in Plutarch's portrayals of the great men of ancient Sparta and the classical republicanism of early Rome, as did many, if not most other enlightenment figures.

According to Livy, they were caught completely off-guard by Antenor.

According to Livy, Tarquinius increased the number of the Senate by the addition of 100 men from the minor leading families.

Livy also says that she took a part of her father's body, and his blood, and returned with it to her own and her husband's household gods, and that by the end of her journey she was, herself, covered in the blood.

According to Livy, Tarquin cut off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden as an allegory to instruct his son Sextus to pacify a recently-conquered enemy city by executing its leading citizens.

According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus ), her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

Pocock, in the so-called " Cambridge School " of interpretation have been able to show that some of the republican themes in Machiavelli's political works, particularly the Discourses on Livy, can be found in medieval Italian literature which was influenced by classical authors such as Sallust.

Both Livy ( in Latin, living in Augustus ' time ) and Plutarch ( in Greek, a century later ), described how Rome had developed its legislation, notably the transition from a kingdom to a republic, by following the example of the Greeks.

The traditional account of Roman history, which has come down to us through Livy, Plutarch, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and others, is that in Rome's first centuries it was ruled by a succession of seven kings.

Livy depicts Servius ' mother as a captured Latin princess enslaved by the Romans ; her child is chosen as Rome's future king after a ring of fire is seen around his head.