Planned tests are determined before looking at the data and post hoc tests are performed after looking at the data.

Whenever the observer's learning process ( which may be a predictive neural network-see also Neuroesthetics ) leads to improved data compression such that the observation sequence can be described by fewer bits than before, the temporary interestingness of the data corresponds to the number of saved bits.

ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.

The game data still needed to be copied from ROM to RAM before it could be used, so less memory was available and the games loaded relatively slowly.

By making these data available to local public health officials in real time, most models of anthrax epidemics indicate that more than 80 % of an exposed population can receive antibiotic treatment before becoming symptomatic, and thus avoid the moderately high mortality of the disease.

Stack oriented processors, with 48 bit word length where each word was defined as data or program contributed significantly to a secure operating environment, long before spyware and viruses affected computing.

In North America, the data suggest massive devastation and mass extinction of plants at the K – T boundary sections, although there were substantial megafloral changes before the boundary.

The polycarbonate disc contains a spiral groove, called the " pregroove " ( because it is molded in before data are written to the disc ), to guide the laser beam upon writing and reading information.

In this format the most significant data item is written before lesser data items i. e. year before month before day.

The data may pass through an operational data store for additional operations before they are used in the DW for reporting.

The process of reducing the size of a data file is popularly referred to as data compression, although its formal name is source coding ( coding done at the source of the data, before it is stored or transmitted ).

When the database is ready ( all its data structures and other needed components are defined ) it is typically populated with initial application's data ( database initialization, which is typically a distinct project ; in many cases using specialized DBMS interfaces that support bulk insertion ) before making it operational.

Analysis of trade-off between storage cost saving and costs of related computations and possible delays in data availability is done before deciding whether to keep certain data in a database compressed or not.

In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities released its final report concluding, in part, that, " When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment – all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its application – it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology.

Processing methods and application areas include storage, level compression, data compression, transmission, enhancement ( e. g., equalization, filtering, noise cancellation, echo or reverb removal or addition, etc.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

Of course, this is only possible when the application tends to require many steps which apply one operation to a large set of data.

At about the same time the development of effective polymerase chain reaction techniques allowed the application of cladistic methods to biochemical and molecular genetic traits of organisms as well as to anatomical ones, vastly expanding the amount of data available for phylogenetics.

This is especially true if the data is to undergo further processing ( for example editing ) in which case the repeated application of processing ( encoding and decoding ) on lossy codecs will degrade the quality of the resulting data such that it is no longer identifiable ( visually, audibly or both ).

Windows includes similar functionality, so the Cygwin library just needed to provide a POSIX-compatible application programming interface ( API ) and properly translate calls and manage private versions of data, such as file descriptors.

Depending upon the size of the company and the breadth of data, choosing an application can take anywhere from a few weeks to a year or more.

Fixed end system: common host / server that is connected to the CDPD backbone and providing access to specific application and data

Depending upon the application, detail can be dropped from the data to save storage space.

A custom encoding can be used for a specific application with no loss of data.

One of the key aims was to make the data independent of the logic of application programs, so that the same data could be made available to different applications.

:: An embedded database system is a DBMS which is tightly integrated with an application software that requires access to stored data in a way that the DBMS is “ hidden ” from the application ’ s end-user and requires little or no ongoing maintenance.

A data model is an abstract structure that provides the means to effectively describe specific data structures needed to model an application.

After completing building the database and making it operational arrives the database maintenance stage: Various database parameters may need changes and tuning for better performance, application's data structures may be changed or added, new related application programs may be written to add to the application's functionality, etc.

A typical DBMS cannot store the data of the application it serves alone.

In order to handle the application data the DBMS need to store this data in data structures that comprise specific data by themselves.

These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customized for each data entry and updating function.

Features of ML include a call-by-value evaluation strategy, first-class functions, automatic memory management through garbage collection, parametric polymorphism, static typing, type inference, algebraic data types, pattern matching, and exception handling.

For example, Spearman is a non-parametric test as it is computed from the order of the data regardless of the actual values, whereas Pearson is a parametric test as it is computed directly from the data and can be used to derive a mathematical relationship.

* Non-parametric: The assumptions made about the process generating the data are much less than in parametric statistics and may be minimal.

* Statistical parametric mapping, a method for analysing data from functional neuroimaging studies

Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics that assumes that the data has come from a type of probability distribution and makes inferences about the parameters of the distribution .< ref name =" Geisser and Johnson "> Seymour Geisser and Wesley M. Johnson, < cite > Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference </ cite >, John Wiley & Sons ( 2006 ), ISBN 978-0-471-66726-1 </ ref > Most well-known elementary statistical methods are parametric .< ref name =" Cox "> D.

:* non-parametric hierarchical Bayesian models, such as models based on the Dirichlet process, which allow the number of latent variables to grow as necessary to fit the data, but where individual variables still follow parametric distributions and even the process controlling the rate of growth of latent variables follows a parametric distribution.

Non-parametric models differ from parametric models in that the model structure is not specified a priori but is instead determined from data.

The concept of parametric polymorphism applies to both data types and functions.

In most languages that support algebraic data types, it is possible to define parametric types.

This revision provides means for the audio codec to supply parametric data about its analog interface much like Intel High Definition Audio.

Also available were some special commands for memory allocation and handling, like MEMORY and a parametric LOAD command, allowing, for example, to load a file containing " raw " picture data into video memory, causing it to be displayed, with a couple of BASIC instructions.

MWW will give very similar results to performing an ordinary parametric two-sample t test on the rankings of the data.

Familiar methods such as linear regression and ordinary least squares regression are parametric, in that the regression function is defined in terms of a finite number of unknown parameters that are estimated from the data.

The latter style tends to yield circuits which are larger than bundled data implementations, but which are insensitive to layout and parametric variations and are thus " correct by design ".

* Fitted Lafortune model, a generalization of Phong with multiple specular lobes, and intended for parametric fits of measured data.

* Create parametric 2D and 3D plot types, as well as discrete data plots

All versions include feature-based parametric modeling, assembly modeling, drafting, sheetmetal, weldment, freeform surface design, and data management.