After James Prescott Joule had determined the mechanical equivalent of heat, Lord Kelvin approached the question from an entirely different point of view, and in 1848 devised a scale of absolute temperature which was independent of the properties of any particular substance and was based solely on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

John Perry had written an 1895 paper proposing that the earth's interior was fluid, and disagreeing with Lord Kelvin on the age of the earth.

Through such people as Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Thomas Edison, Ottó Bláthy, Ányos Jedlik, Sir Charles Parsons, Joseph Swan, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, Alexander Graham Bell and Lord Kelvin, electricity was turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.

William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ) amalgamated all of these laws into the laws of thermodynamics, which aided in the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst.

While the Scottish Enlightenment is traditionally considered to have concluded toward the end of the 18th century, disproportionately large Scottish contributions to British science and letters continued for another 50 years or more, thanks to such figures as the mathematicians and physicists James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, and the engineers and inventors James Watt and William Murdoch, whose work was critical to the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution throughout Britain.

Harrison argues that the first to set out a satisfactory resolution of the paradox was Lord Kelvin, in a little known 1901 paper, and that Edgar Allan Poe's essay Eureka ( 1848 ) curiously anticipated some qualitative aspects of Kelvin's argument:

File: Joule James sitting. jpg | James Prescott Joule ( 1818-1889 ): discovered that heat is a form of energy, ideas led to the theory of conservation of energy, worked with Lord Kelvin to develop the absolute scale of temperature, made observations on magnetostriction, found the relationship between current through resistance and the heat dissipated, now called Joule's law.

File: Lord Kelvin photograph. jpg | William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin ( 1824-1907 ): major figure in the history of thermodynamics, helped develop law of conservation of energy, studied wave motion and vortex motion in hydrodynamics and produced a dynamical theory of heat, formulated of the first and second laws of thermodynamics

In 1900, Lord Kelvin famously stated, " There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now.

The term radian first appeared in print on 5 June 1873, in examination questions set by James Thomson ( brother of Lord Kelvin ) at Queen's College, Belfast.

In the early 1900s, Guglielmo Marconi, Lord Kelvin, and David Peck Todd also stated their belief that radio could be used to contact Martians, with Marconi stating that his stations had also picked up potential Martian signals.

This modern form of Stokes ' theorem is a vast generalization of a classical result first discovered by Lord Kelvin, who communicated it to George Stokes in July 1850.

His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson ( later awarded the title Lord Kelvin ), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years.

Scottish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854:

The first and second laws of thermodynamics emerged simultaneously in the 1850s, primarily out of the works of William Rankine, Rudolf Clausius, and William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ).

The college was the first in the University to have electric lighting installed, when Lord Kelvin provided it for the Hall and Combination Room to celebrate the College's six-hundredth anniversary in 1883-1884. It was the second building in the country to get electric lighting, after the Palace of Westminster.

image: Lord Kelvin photograph. jpg |< center > Lord KelvinInventor and pioneer in thermodynamics, electricity and telegraphy

* The age of the solar system, including Earth, was determined, and it turned to be much older than believed earlier: more than 4 billion years, rather than the 20 million years suggested by Lord Kelvin in 1862.

* December 17 – Lord Kelvin, Irish-born physicist and engineer ( b. 1824 )

In 1850, Lord Kelvin, then known as William Thomson, distinguished between two magnetic fields now denoted and.

* The Tides By Sir William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin )

Famous names include the physicist, Lord Kelvin, ' father of economics ' Adam Smith, James Watt, John Logie Baird, Joseph Black, Sir John Boyd Orr, Professor Sam Karunaratne, Francis Hutcheson and Joseph Lister.

Image: Lord Kelvin photograph. jpg | Lord Kelvin

`` This ain't your brand, maybe '', Lord suggested.

It was Dickson who suggested to Lord Selkirk that he return to the Atlantic coast by way of the United States.

Lincoln reported that after dinner Oxford spoke of the Queen's impending death, claiming that the peers of England should decide the succession, and suggested that since Lincoln had ' a nephew of the blood royal ... Lord Hastings ', he should be sent to France to find allies to support this aim.

It is suggested that other Time Lords might have survived the war when the Face of Boe utters its final words to the Doctor: " Know this, Time Lord: you are not alone " (" Gridlock ").

Scholars have often speculated that Hamlet < nowiki ></ nowiki >' s Polonius might have been inspired by William Cecil ( Lord Burghley )— Lord High Treasurer and chief counsellor to Queen Elizabeth I. E. K. Chambers suggested Polonius's advice to Laertes may have echoed Burghley's to his son Robert Cecil.

Lord Edgecumbe, who had known Reynolds as a boy and introduced him to Keppel, suggested that he should study with Pompeo Batoni, the leading painter in Rome at the time, but Reynolds replied that he had nothing to learn from him.

Eventually, in 1764, he was introduced by Thomas Haweis to Lord Dartmouth, who was influential in recommending Newton to the Bishop of Chester, and who suggested him for the living of Olney, Buckinghamshire.

In February 1937, before a meeting with the Lord Privy Seal, Lord Halifax, Ribbentrop suggested to Hitler that Germany, Italy, and Japan begin a worldwide propaganda campaign with the aim of forcing Britain to return the former German colonies in Africa.

Others, also basing their claims on passages of his diaries, have suggested that King was in love with Lord Tweedsmuir, whom he had chosen for appointment as Governor General in 1935.

In 1828, Lord John Russell suggested that Parliament repeat the idea by abolishing the corrupt boroughs of Penryn and East Retford, and by transferring their seats to Manchester and Birmingham.

The King was annoyed that his efforts to urge passage of the budget had become public knowledge and had forbidden his adviser Lord Knollys, who was an active Liberal peer, from voting for the budget, although Knollys had suggested that this would be a suitable gesture to indicate royal desire to see the Budget pass.

After the election, the King suggested a compromise whereby only 50 peers from each side would be allowed to vote, which would also redress the large Unionist majority in the Lords, but Lord Crewe, Liberal leader in the Lords, advised that this would reduce the Lords ' independence as only peers who were loyal party supporters would be picked.

As Gilbert had suggested to Sullivan in December 1877, " Mrs. Cripps Buttercup will be a capital part for Everard .... Barrington will be a capital captain, and Grossmith a first-rate First Lord.

Alan B ' Stard on the final episode of UK sitcom The New Statesman, seeking alternatives in case he was not made Prime Minister, suggested that he might proclaim himself Lord Protector of England.

Graham Lord, in NIV: The Authorized Biography of David Niven, suggested that Comyn-Platt and Mrs. Niven had been having an affair for some time before her husband's death, and that Sir Thomas may well have been David Niven's biological father, a supposition which has some support from her children.

Biblical scholar Thomas Kelly Cheyne suggested that it might be a derogatory corruption of Ba ‘ al Zəbûl, " Lord of the High Place " ( i. e., Heaven ) or " High Lord ".

Lord Sheffield suggested constructing ramparts along the eastern side of the city, which was open to attack, and warned that the rebels were crossing the river around Bishopsgate with ease.

Robert M. Price proposes that the name Nyarlathotep may have been subconsciously suggested to Lovecraft by two names from Lord Dunsany, an author he much admired.

The first move, suggested by Lord George Bentinck, was in 1848, and the second was in 1872.

The thirteen life rule is suggested to have been a rule the time lords imposed upon themselves to stop them living forever, but as he is the last Time Lord, no-one knows if this applies to the Doctor.

It has been suggested that, since perfecting the science of time travel, they have withdrawn, bound by the moral complexity of interfering in the natural flow of history ( compare with the Prime Directive from Star Trek ); in " Earthshock ", the Cyberleader, when notified of the arrival of a TARDIS, is surprised at the presence of a Time Lord, stating " they are forbidden to interfere ".